Romanian, Macedo

Conjugate Verbs

Introduction

Aromanian is an Eastern Romance language spoken in Southeastern Europe. Its speakers are called Aromanians.

Verb conjugation

Aromanian grammar does have some features that distinguish it from Romanian, an important one being the complete disappearance of verb infinitives. As such, the tenses and moods that in Romanian use the infinitive (like the future simple tense and the conditional mood), in Aromanian they are formed in other ways. For the same reason, verb entries in dictionaries are given in their indicative mood, present tense, first person, singular form.

Present

Conjugation	I	II	III	IV	V
1.sg.	cîntu	vedu	dîcu	moru	patu
3.sg.	cînti	veadi
1.pl.					pîtîmu
2.pl.					pîtîti
3.pl.		vedu

• Other verbs of I conjugation: dau, lucrédu
• Other verbs of II conjugation: sedu, armînu, vidu,
• Other verbs of III conjugation: ducu, cunóscu, tórcu, árdu
• Other verbs of IV conjugation: fugu, ndultéscu, acoápiru
• Other verbs of V conjugation: avdu,mvirdáscu

Imperfect

Conjugation	I	II	III	IV	V
3.sg.	lucrá	-	yinea	-	-

Perfect simple

Conjugation	I	II	III	IV	V
1.sg.	cîntái	biúi	cunoscúi		pîtîi
2.sg.	cîntasi	biúsi
3.sg.	cînta	biú
1.pl.	cîntámu	biúmu
2.pl.	cîntátu	biútu
3.pl.	cîntárî	biúrî

Irregular forms: 1.sg. dusu (<ducu), dîsu (<dîcu), plîmsu, scosu, trápsu.

Past Perfect

Pluperfect is formed with the auxiliary verb amu in present and the past participle: amu, ai, ari, avemu, avetî, au + p.p.

Pluperfect

Pluperfect is formed with the auxiliary verb amu in past and the past participle: aveamu, aveai, avea, aveamu, aveatî, avea + p.p.

Future

Future is formed with the uninflected va or vai, s(i) and the conjunctive present of the verb.

1.sg.	va s-cîntu
2.sg.	va s-cîntî
3.sg.	va s-cîntî
1.pl.	va s-cîntámu
2.pl.	va s-cîntátî
3.pl.	va s-cîntî

Past participle:

Conjugation	I	II	III	IV	V
P.p.	cîntátî	biútî	cunoscútî	fugii	pîtîtî

Geography

Verblist

abat, acats, acatsu, achicãsescu, achiãcãsest, acljem, acoapir, acumpãr, acumtin, adar, adastu, adavgu, adiljiu, adilju, adiyi, adormu, aduc, aduchescu, aduchiest, adun, adunu, afirescu, aflu, afum, afundu, afur, afãnisescu, agiun, agiung, agiungu, agiut, agudescu, agudest, agãpisescu, agãrshescu, agãrshest, ahulescu, ahurhescu, ahurhest, airisescu, alag, alas, alatru, alau, alavdu, aleapid, aleg, alghescu, alichescu, alingu, aljuredz, alughescu, alumtu, alunic, alãchescu, alãchiest, alãhãescu, alãptedz, alãptedzu, alãxescu, am, ambet, ambrats, ambratsu, ambrãtsishedz, ambrãtsitedz, ambuc, ameastic, ameasticu, amintu, amiridz, amiridzu, amirãripsescu, ampar, amput, amu, amurtsãscu, amutsãscu, amãn, amãrtipsescu, amãrãscu, analts, analtsu, ancheadic, anchisescu, ancruntu, andamusest, andãmusescu, angan, angiur, angljit, angrec, anjurdzescu, anjurdzest, anod, anot, ansar, antrec, anvescu, anvets, anvetsu, anvãrtescu, anyedz, apir, apitrusescu, aplec, aplucusescu, apocrisescu, aprindu, aprochi, aprochiu, apuc, apun, apãndisescu, apãr, apãrnjescu, ar, arachiu, arad, aradzim, arap, aravd, aravdu, ardu, ared, arem, arisescu, armãn, armãtusescu, arnedz, aroamig, arod, arsar, arshinedz, aruc, arucu, arucutescu, arufec, arujescu, arumin, arup, arushescu, arushest, arushinedz, arushunedz, arãbosh, arãchescu, arãd, arãdu, arãm, arãnescu, arãpas, arãpãsedz, arãsescu, arãsest, arãstor, arãstornu, arãsun, arãtsescu, arãtsest, arãuredz, arãzgan, ascaldu, ascap, ascapir, ascapit, ascriu, ascuchiu, ascultu, ascundu, ascutur, asfingu, ashcergu, ashedz, ashedzu, ashtept, ashteptu, ashter, ashterg, ashtergu, ashternu, asimusescu, aspar, asparg, aspargu, asparu, aspel, aspindzur, aspum, aspun, astai, astalj, astihãsescu, astingu, astorcu, astrag, astrec, astup, asud, asun, asurdzãscu, aumbredz, aurlu, aurãscu, avd, avdu, aveglju, avin, avredz, avutsãscu, ayizmu, azboair, azbor, azgher, azvingu, bag, bash, bashu, bat, baş, beau, bes, besu, beu, bilescu, bishic, bishichedz, bishinedz, blastim, bucusescu, bunuescu, butsescu, bãnedz, bãnedzu, bãrbirisescu, bãshãnedz, cac, cad, caft, caftu, calcu, cascu, cheaptin, cher, cherdu, chiaptin, chicu, chipin, chipir, chipur, chirusescu, chisedz, chisedzu, chisest, chish, cljem, coapir, coc, cos, cred, crep, crepu, crescu, crest, crishtinedz, cruescu, cufurescu, culcu, culeg, culegu, cumnic, cumãndu, cumãnic, cunoscu, cunushtusescu, cur, curun, custã, cutedz, cutreambur, cutriyir, cãlimirsescu, cãnost, cãntu, cãnutsãscu, cãshtighedz, dau, deapin, deapir, dhixescu, dhuchimãsescu, dimãndu, dinjic, dipledz, dipun, discalic, discaltsu, discarcu, dischic, discoapir, discumpãr, discãntu, disfac, disfash, disfingu, dishcljid, dishcljiedz, dishel, dishteptu, disic, disicu, dispartu, dispiducljedz, dispolj, dispoljiu, dispolju, disrãdãtsinedz, disrãdãtsinedzu, distringu, distrãmedz, distup, disumflu, disunescu, ditun, ditunã, diucljedz, dixescu, dizbash, dizbashu, dizgiug, dizgljets, dizgljin, dizgrash, dizgrop, dizlãchescu, dizmal, dizmats, diznjerdu, dizvets, dizvirghir, dizvoc, dor, dorm, dormu, duc, duchescu, duchimãsescu, dumnescu, dyivãsescu, dzac, dzec, dzem, dzãc, dzãcu, dãsic, es, escu, est, exiyisescu, fac, fet, filipsescu, firescu, flitur, fluir, frec, freng, fricuescu, frig, frigu, frimintu, frãngu, fug, fugu, fumedz, fumedzu, fumig, fur, furnic, furtichedz, furtsedz, fut, fuvirsescu, fãric, ghinuescu, ghivãsescu, gioc, giudic, giur, grescu, grest, gribuescu, gurnjescu, gushuescu, gustu, gãlbãnest, gãrãescu, hascu, herbu, hig, hiu, hivrescu, hjerbu, ies, imn, imnu, inimusescu, intru, irmuxescu, irnedz, isturisescu, isusescu, jdãchid, las, lau, lavdu, leagãn, leg, licuredz, limpidzãscu, lipsescu, lishuredz, ljau, ljeau, ljert, ljertu, lucredz, lucredzu, lundzescu, lundzest, lunjinedz, lunjinedzu, lutsescu, lãcrimedz, lãcrãmedz, lãcãrmedz, lãescu, lãest, lãpsest, lãptuescu, lãrdzescu, lãrdzest, matsin, mbet, mbitãrnescu, mbrats, mbuc, mbudhuescu, mbunedz, mbunedzu, mburest, mbãrbãtedz, meastic, measticu, mec, mescu, metur, min, minciunedz, minciunedzu, minduescu, mintescu, mintsunedzu, minutedz, mirindu, mirizedz, misur, molj, moljiu, mor, moyi, mpar, mpartu, mpeatic, mpiltescu, mplinescu, mplueadzã, mpluiadzã, mplãtescu, mprad, mpriunedz, mpriunedzu, mprumut, mpruspitedz, mpruspitedzu, mput, mputsãscu, mpãdurescu, mpãricljedz, mpãricljedzu, mudzescu, mulgu, murmintedz, murmintedzu, mushc, mut, mutrescu, mutsãscu, mãc, mãcu, mãn, mãrescu, mãrit, mãshcu, mãtric, nascu, ncaciu, ncalic, ncaltsu, ncap, ncarcu, ncheadic, ncljeg, ncljei, ncljid, ncljiedz, ncljin, ncred, ncruntu, ncurun, ncutsut, ncãlduredz, ncãldzãscu, ncãluredz, ncãntu, ncãnutsãscu, ndes, ndreg, ndreptu, ndriptedz, ndriptedzu, ndultsescu, ndultsest, nduplic, ndzeamin, ndziminedz, ndziminedzu, ndzinucljedz, ndzinucljedzu, ndzinuclju, ndzãrescu, nec, necu, neg, nergu, nfarmãc, nfash, nflurescu, nfoarfic, nfolj, nfoljiu, nfruntu, nfrãndzãscu, nfrãtsescu, nfurcu, nfãrinedz, nfãrnedz, nfãrnu, nfãrtedz, nfãrtedzu, nghets, ngiug, ngiur, ngljets, ngljit, ngrash, ngrashu, ngrec, ngriunedz, ngrop, ngustedz, ngustu, ngãlbinescu, nhig, nhiljedz, nhir, nhiuredz, niguredz, njergu, njicuredz, njir, njiridzu, njurzescu, nod, not, nrãdãtsinedz, nsar, nshel, nsher, nshiuedz, nsimnedz, nsireadzã, nsiredz, nsitedz, nsor, nsuflitsedz, nsumnedz, nsumnedzu, nsurinedz, nsãnãtushescu, nsãrtsinedz, ntindu, ntreb, ntrec, ntric, ntsap, ntsep, ntsernu, ntsertu, ntsileg, ntsingu, ntsircljedz, ntumnedz, ntunic, ntunicã, ntãrdedz, ntãrdedzu, numescu, numir, nupteadzã, nuptedz, nutric, nverdu, nvescu, nvest, nvets, nvetsu, nvicljedz, nvicljedzu, nvicljescu, nviduescu, nvipiredz, nvirdzãscu, nvireadzã, nviredz, nvirinedz, nvolbu, nvãrtescu, nyedz, oauã, or, ou, par, pasc, pascu, pat, ping, pingu, pirunsescu, piscuescu, pistipsescu, pisusest, pitrec, pitrundu, plac, placu, plec, pleng, pliguescu, pliguest, plivescu, ploae, ploai, plucusescu, pluireadzã, plãngu, plãntu, plãtescu, portu, pot, prad, priimnu, prindu, prived, priveglju, prunjedz, pruved, pruvuest, prãndzescu, prãndzu, prãshescu, pulcusescu, pung, pungu, purduruest, puric, purintu, pusputescu, putridzãscu, pãlãcãrsescu, pãndixescu, pãrnãsescu, pãrãtsescu, pãshunedz, pãstrescu, pãstrest, pãtedz, pãtedzu, pãtrec, pãtsãscu, pãzescu, rog, rushunedz, rãnescu, saltu, sap, sar, satur, scad, scaldu, scap, scapit, scarchin, scarchinu, scarchiãn, scarmin, scarminu, scarmãn, scot, scotu, scriu, scuchiu, scutur, scãntiljedz, scãntiljedzu, seamin, seatsir, sec, sfuldzir, sfuldzirã, shciu, shcljimur, shcljoapic, shcurtedz, shcurtedzu, shed, shedu, shtirnutedz, shtiu, shuir, shuplic, shupãr, shur, shushuredz, shushuredzu, shuts, simnedz, simtu, slãghescu, sorbu, spel, spindzur, spitrundu, spreamit, sprem, sprigiur, spulbir, spumedz, spumig, spun, spãntic, spãstrescu, stau, storcu, stric, stricor, stringu, strãbat, strãmedz, strãmut, strãpungu, strãved, sturusescu, stãcor, stãpuescu, stãrnut, stãvrusescu, sufl, suflu, sug, sugljits, sugljitsu, suiljedz, suptsãredz, surdzest, surpu, sursescu, sursest, suschir, susest, sãdzitedz, sãmtu, sãndzinedz, sãndzinedzu, sãnedz, sãrbedz, sãrbãturescu, sãrcljedz, sãrmu, tac, tai, talj, taljiu, talju, tindu, tor, torc, torcu, tornu, trag, treambur, treb, trec, triir, triyir, trãmedz, tsap, tsapu, tsas, tsen, tser, tsernu, tsid, tsin, tsingu, tsãn, tsãtsuescu, tun, tundu, tunã, turbu, turbur, tushedzu, tushescu, tushest, tãxescu, ucljedz, ud, ultu, umfl, umflu, umpl, umplu, undedz, unescu, ungu, urdin, urdzãscu, urghescu, urlu, urãscu, uspitedz, uspitedzu, ustur, usãc, utsid, utsidu, vatãm, ved, veglju, vers, versu, vicljedz, vicljedzu, vicljescu, vin, vindic, vindu, vintur, vishtidzãscu, voi, vom, vomu, vuest, vãsilipsescu, xihãsescu, xursescu, yin, yispinedz, yivãsescu, zbat, zburest, zburãscu, zdãcarc, zdãfac, zdãleg, zdãlãchiest, zdãmats, zmulgu, zvintu, ãncarcu, ãnchisescu, ãncljin, ãndreg, ãndultsescu, ãngljets, ãngljetsu, ãngljit, ãnsar, ãnsor, ãntreb, ãntru, ãntunic, ãntunicã.

References

• Caragiu, Matilda et al.. Dialectologie Româna. Editura Didactica si Pedagogica. Bucuresti, 1977.
• Weigand, Gustav. Die Sprache der Olympo-Walachen. Johann Ambrosius Barth. Leipzig, 1888. [PDF]
• Holtus, Günter et al.. Lexicon der Romanistischen Linguistik. Niemeyer. Tübingen, 1989.