Avestan
Facts
- Language: Avestan
- Alternate names: Pazend, Avesta
- Language code: ave
- Language family: Indo-European, Classical Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian
- Number of speakers: Extinct
- Script:
More information:
Introduction
Avestan is a Eastern Iranian language that was used to compose the sacred hymns and canon of the Zoroastrian Avesta. Iranian languages are part of the Indo-Iranian Language group. The Indo-Iranian language group is a branch of the Indo-European language family.
Despite this modern linguistic classification of Avestan language, the determination of the geographical location of Avestan language is however by no means complete. Although modern scholars are increasingly pointing to eastern Iran as the origins of the Avestan language, there is evidence of an Avestan homeland in north-western Iran.
Avestan Verb
Primary active endings
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | -mi | -vahi | -mahi |
| 2nd | -hi | -tha | -tha |
| 3rd | -ti | -tō / -thō | -ngti |
Sample verb: 'to be'
| Present | Imperative | |
| Sg.1 | ahmī | - |
| Sg.2 | ahī | zdī |
| Sg.3 | astī | astū |
| Pl.1 | mahī | - |
| Pl.2 | stā | - |
| Pl.3 | həṇtī | hə̄ṇtū |
Verblist
- 𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬍
- 𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬍
- 𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬍
- 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌
- 𐬔𐬏𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬙𐬌
- 𐬘𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌
- 𐬛𐬀𐬛𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌
- 𐬛𐬀𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌
- 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌
- 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌
- 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌
- 𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬌𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌
- 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬙𐬈
- 𐬫𐬀𐬊𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌
- 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌
- 𐬭𐬀𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌
- 𐬯𐬇𐬧𐬖𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬍
- 𐬯𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌
- 𐬰𐬁𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌
- aē- -- to go
- ah- -- to be
- az- -- to lead
- aza- -- to drive, to impel
- ād- -- to speak, to say
- ād- -- to say
- bag- -- to distribute
- baj -- to apportion
- band- -- to bind
- baoirya- -- to chew
- bar- -- to bring, to carry
- barəz- -- to enlarge
- bara -- to bear, to carry
- baxš- -- to divide, to have a share
- bū̆- -- to be, to become
- brāzaiti -- to beam
- dā -- to give, to put
- dā̆- -- to bestow, to place, to place upon
- dā̆r- -- to hold, to keep, to support
- dā(y)- -- to see
- dąh- -- to teach
- dəbąz- -- to support
- dab- -- to deceive
- dars- -- to see, to look
- dauu- -- to be skilful
- daxš- -- to instruct, to show
- daža- -- to burn
- druž -- to lie, to deceive
- fiiaŋhu- -- to hail
- frąs- -- to attain
- frīnāiti -- to love, to praise
- frīnāiti -- to love, to praise
- fras- -- to ask, to inquire
- gam -- to go, to come
- haca- -- to follow
- hišta-/stā- -- to stand
- jan- -- to beat, to strike
- kar -- to do, to make
- mōrəṇd- -- to crush
- man- -- to think, to realize
- marəd-² -- to despise, to disparage
- mara- -- to memorize
- mr(a)ū- -- to speak
- mrao- -- to say, to speak
- pərəsa- -- to ask
- pic- -- to pinch
- raēšaiia- -- to damage
- raēθβaiia- -- to mix
- sāh -- to command, to teach
- sə̄ṇgha- -- to explain
- saēte -- to lie down, to recline
- sru -- to hear
- stauu- -- to praise
- š́am- -- to swallow
- šīaē-/šīa- -- to dwell
- tašaiti -- to produce, to make
- tǝrǝs- -- to be afraid
- uruuaēδ- -- to blame, to condemn
- vī- -- to sacrifice
- vīa- -- to pursue, to chase
- vərəziia- -- to carry out, to execute, to do
- vaēda- -- to find
- vaf -- to weave
- vairiia- -- to be chosen, to be desirable
- var- -- to choose, to want
- vaxš- -- to grow
- vaza- -- to lead, to drive
- vid- -- to find, to know
- xᵛar- -- to consume, to eat, to drink
- yā- -- to demand
- yaz -- to sacrifice, to venerate, to worship
- zan- -- to beget, to bear, to be born
- zarš²- -- to draw, to drag
- θrao- -- to nourish