Gujari
Facts
- Language: Gujari
- Alternate names: Gujuri, Gujer, Gujar, Gujjari, Gurjar, Gojri, Gogri, Kashmir Gujuri, Rajasthani Gujuri, Gojari, Hindki, Parimu
- Language code: gju
- Language family: Indo-European, Classical Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Indo-Aryan Central zone, Subcontinental Central Indo-Aryan, Gujarati-Rajasthani, Rajasthani, Mewati-Gojri
- Number of speakers: 992000
- Script: Arabic script.
More information:
Introduction
Gujari is a variety of Rajasthani spoken by the Gujjars of Northern-Pakistan, India and Afghanistan. As it continues to be a significant language in the subcontinent, Gujari has richly contributed to literary traditions and treasure in the forms of Mathnavis, prose, folklore and religious literature.
The verb
Gujari distinguishes present, past, and future tense.
| Tense/Aspect/Mood | Structure | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unspecified Habitual - Contingent Future | V-PC | čal-ū~ | 'I go'; 'I may go' |
| Past Unspecified | V-PC PAST-AC | čal-ū~ th-ᴐ | 'I used to go' |
| Definite Future | V-PC FUT-AC | čal-ū~ k-ᴐ | 'I will go' |
| Present Continuous | V-PC /lag/-AC (/w/-AC) | čal-ū~ lag-ᴐ (w-ᴐ) | 'I am going' |
| Past Continuous | V-PC PAST-AC /lag/-AC (/w/-AC) | čal-ū~ th-ᴐ lag-ᴐ (w-ᴐ) | 'I was going' |
| Present Habitual | V-PC /ho/-PC | bɛs-ū~ hò-ū~ | 'I sit (repeatedly)' |
| Past Habitual | V-PC /ho/-PC PAST-AC | sad-ū~ hò-ū~ th-ᴐ | 'I called (repeatedly)' |
| Negated Future | V-/s/-PC | čal-s-ū~ | 'I will not go |
| Habitual (Negated) - Contrafactive | V-IMPFV-AC | čat-ᴐ | 'he doesn't go'; 'he would go' |
| Subjunctive Habitual | V-IMPFV-AC /ho/-PC | ā-t-ᴐ hò-wɛ | '(perhaps) he comes' |
| Presumptive Habitual | V-IMPFV-AC /ho/-PC FUT-AC | ā-t-ᴐ hò-wɛ k-ᴐ | 'he (probably) comes' |
| Contrafactive Habitual | V-IMPFV-AC /ho/-IMPFV-AC | bɛs-t-ᴐ hò-t-ᴐ | 'he had sat regularly' |
| Unspecified Perfective | V-PERF-AC | sad-e-ᴐ | 'he called' |
| Present Perfective | V-PERF-AC PRES-PC | sad-e-ᴐ h-`ɛ | 'he has called' |
| Past Perfective | V-PERF-AC PAST-AC | sad-e-ᴐ th-ᴐ | 'he had called' |
| Presumptive Perfective | V-PERF-AC (/w/-AC) /ho/-PC FUT-AC | g-ī-ᴐ (w-ᴐ) hò-wɛ k-ᴐ | 'he must have gone' |
| Contrafactive Perfective | V-PERF-AC /ho/-IMPFV-AC | ā-e-ᴐ hò-t-ᴐ | 'if he had come' |
Verblist
- گھٹنو
- ہسنو
- ہیرنو