Livvi
Conjugate VerbsFacts
- Language: Livvi
- Alternate names: Olonetsian, Olonets, Livvikovian, Livvikovskij Jazyk, Southern Karelian
- Language code: olo
- Language family: Uralic, Finnic, Coastal Finnic, Neva, North Finnic, Ladogan, East Ladoga
- Number of speakers: 19314
- Vulnerability: Endangered [Read more...]
- Script: Latin script
More information:
Introduction
Livvi is the variety of Karelian language spoken by Olonets Karelians, traditionally inhabiting the area between Ladoga and Onega lakes, northward of Svir River.
Before World War II, Olonets Karelian was spoken both in Russia and in Finland, in the easternmost part of Finnish Karelia. After Finland was forced to cede large parts of Karelia to the USSR after the war, the Finnish Olonets Karelian population was resettled in Finland. Today there are still native speakers of Olonets Karelian living scattered throughout Finland, but all areas in which Olonets Karelian remain a community language are found in Russia.
The Verb
Verb conjugation of Livvi follows follows to a great extent that of Karelian.
Sample verb: pestäkseh 'to wash onself'
INDICATIVE | POTENTIAL | CONDITIONAL | IMPERATIVE | ||
Present | Past | ||||
Sg.1 | pezemmös | pezimmös | pessemmös | pezizimmös | - |
Sg.2 | pezettös | pezittös | pessettös | pezizittös | pezei |
Sg.3 | pezehes (pezeh) | pezihes (pezih) | pessehes | pezizihes | peskähes |
Pl.1 | pezemmökseh | pezimmökseh | pessemmökseh | pezizimmökseh | peskiämmökseh |
Pl.2 | pezettökseh | pezittökseh | pessettökseh | pezizittökseh | peskiättökseh |
Pl.3 | pestähes | pestihes | pestähes | pestäzihes | pestähes |
The table above doesn't contain compound tenses formed with auxilary verbs;
- ei 'not' auxiliary is used to form negation forms. E.g., ei pezei 'is not washing himself'.
- on 'to have' auxiliary is used to form perfective tenses. E.g., on pessyhes 'has washed himself'.