Medumba

Introduction

Medumba is a Grassfields language of Cameroon. The people who speak it originate from the Nde division of the West Region of the country, with their main settlements in Bangangté, Bakong, Bangoulap, Bahouoc, Bagnoun and Tonga. It is a major Bamileke language, and is located in an area where sacred kingship played a pivotal role in government, justice, and diplomacy. The modern history of the Bamileke area, which was a German colony placed under French trusteeship by the League of Nations in 1919, is closely associated with the nationalist movement of the Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC), which developed primarily in the coastal hinterland (Bassa) and the western highlands (Bamileke). From 1956 to the late 1960s, this area of Cameroon experienced a period of unrest; this episode continues to shape Bamileke political culture, and has an impact on language identity and the linguistic landscape.

The Medumba Verb

Verblist

[+n][+xp1]ba, [+n][+xp1]bagdə, [+n][+xp1]bàgə, [+n][+xp1]bàgtə̌, [+n][+xp1]bàgtə̌ màd, [+n][+xp1]bǎm nǔm, [+n][+xp1]bamə, [+n][+xp1]batə, [+n][+xp1]bàtə̌, [+n][+xp1]bàtə̌ dʉʼ, [+n][+xp1]bǎʼ nkab, [+n][+xp1]bɑnə, [+n][+xp1]be, [+n][+xp1]bəʼə, [+n][+xp1]bɛd nbwogə, [+n][+xp1]bɛdtə, [+n][+xp1]bɛ̂dtə, [+n][+xp1]bɛdtə nǔ, [+n][+xp1]bɛnə, [+n][+xp1]biag tɔ, [+n][+xp1]biagə, [+n][+xp1]bilə, [+n][+xp1]bìʼtə̌, [+n][+xp1]bolə, [+n][+xp1]bumə, [+n][+xp1]buʼ mbu, [+n][+xp1]buʼ tom, [+n][+xp1]buʼu, [+n][+xp1]bʉ, [+n][+xp1]bʉ̂, [+n][+xp1]bʉ̀ntə̌, [+n][+xp1]bʉ̂ntə, [+n][+xp1]bʉʼʉ, [+n][+xp1]bwogə, [+n][+xp1]bwogtə, [+n][+xp1]bwonə, [+n][+xp1]bwɔ̀, [+n][+xp1]bwɔ̌, [+n][+xp1]bwʉ̀ntə̌, [+n][+xp1]cǎb ncù, [+n][+xp1]cagə, [+n][+xp1]càgtə̌, [+n][+xp1]cǎm kù, [+n][+xp1]càmə, [+n][+xp1]càʼtə̌, [+n][+xp1]càʼtə̌ nsi, [+n][+xp1]cɑmə, [+n][+xp1]cɑŋə, [+n][+xp1]cilə, [+n][+xp1]co, [+n][+xp1]co nshunə, [+n][+xp1]côb, [+n][+xp1]cobə, [+n][+xp1]cobtə, [+n][+xp1]cǒm zwì, [+n][+xp1]còŋə, [+n][+xp1]coʼo, [+n][+xp1]cʉǎ, [+n][+xp1]cʉàtə̌, [+n][+xp1]cʉɑ̌, [+n][+xp1]cʉbə, [+n][+xp1]cwitə, [+n][+xp1]diɑgə, [+n][+xp1]dùmdə̌, [+n][+xp1]dunə, [+n][+xp1]dʉ, [+n][+xp1]dʉ̂, [+n][+xp1]dʉʼdə, [+n][+xp1]dʉʼʉ, [+n][+xp1]fagə, [+n][+xp1]fàgə, [+n][+xp1]faʼa, [+n][+xp1]fàʼa, [+n][+xp1]fɑ, [+n][+xp1]fɑ̂, [+n][+xp1]fɑ cû, [+n][+xp1]fɑ məbâm, [+n][+xp1]fɑ ngɑn, [+n][+xp1]fɑ nkɑk, [+n][+xp1]fɑ ntag, [+n][+xp1]fɑ̌n nzə̀, [+n][+xp1]fə, [+n][+xp1]fə̀mə, [+n][+xp1]fɛd nsɔ, [+n][+xp1]fɛ̀dtə̌, [+n][+xp1]fɛlə, [+n][+xp1]finə, [+n][+xp1]fitə, [+n][+xp1]fìʼi, [+n][+xp1]fǒn, [+n][+xp1]fonə, [+n][+xp1]fotə, [+n][+xp1]fu, [+n][+xp1]futə, [+n][+xp1]fʉ̌, [+n][+xp1]fʉlə, [+n][+xp1]fʉ̌n mbǎʼnzwə, [+n][+xp1]fʉ̀nə, [+n][+xp1]gha, [+n][+xp1]ghàbə, [+n][+xp1]ghaʼa, [+n][+xp1]ghə̌, [+n][+xp1]ghə̀dnǐ, [+n][+xp1]ghoaʼa, [+n][+xp1]ghomə, [+n][+xp1]ghònə, [+n][+xp1]ghoʼo, [+n][+xp1]ghoʼo mbâbmbab, [+n][+xp1]ghubtə, [+n][+xp1]ghubtə yɑmə, [+n][+xp1]ghùdnǐ, [+n][+xp1]ghʉ̌, [+n][+xp1]ghʉ̀ kàʼ, [+n][+xp1]jun, [+n][+xp1]jun tàʼ, [+n][+xp1]junə, [+n][+xp1]juʼu, [+n][+xp1]jʉ, [+n][+xp1]jʉ bìn, [+n][+xp1]kabtə, [+n][+xp1]kǎg tùn, [+n][+xp1]kàgə, [+n][+xp1]kǎm ncà, [+n][+xp1]kaŋə, [+n][+xp1]kàŋtə̌, [+n][+xp1]katə, [+n][+xp1]kemə, [+n][+xp1]keʼe, [+n][+xp1]kəb nka, [+n][+xp1]kəb ntsiʼ, [+n][+xp1]kəbə, [+n][+xp1]kəbtə, [+n][+xp1]kə̌d lɛ̀d, [+n][+xp1]kə̀ʼtə̌, [+n][+xp1]kǐ, [+n][+xp1]kǐ ŋwàʼnì, [+n][+xp1]kǐ sə̂və̀, [+n][+xp1]kiɑ̀gə, [+n][+xp1]kìtə̌, [+n][+xp1]kogə, [+n][+xp1]kòmə, [+n][+xp1]koʼo, [+n][+xp1]kɔ̌, [+n][+xp1]kuǎ, [+n][+xp1]kuàʼa, [+n][+xp1]kud, [+n][+xp1]kud tǔn, [+n][+xp1]kulə, [+n][+xp1]kǔm, [+n][+xp1]kùmə, [+n][+xp1]kune dʉʼ, [+n][+xp1]kǔʼ, [+n][+xp1]kùʼnǐ, [+n][+xp1]kùʼu, [+n][+xp1]kʉ̌, [+n][+xp1]kʉ̌ ndə, [+n][+xp1]kʉd, [+n][+xp1]kʉmtə, [+n][+xp1]kʉʼtə, [+n][+xp1]kwǎ, [+n][+xp1]kwagə, [+n][+xp1]kwatə̌, [+n][+xp1]kwàtə, [+n][+xp1]kwàtə̀, [+n][+xp1]kwàtə̌, [+n][+xp1]kwe, [+n][+xp1]kwimtə, [+n][+xp1]kwitə, [+n][+xp1]kwǐʼ fùʼ, [+n][+xp1]kwʉ, [+n][+xp1]kwʉlə, [+n][+xp1]lǎ, [+n][+xp1]lǎ ntsə, [+n][+xp1]làbə, [+n][+xp1]lagtə̌, [+n][+xp1]làgtə̌, [+n][+xp1]làgtə̀ mfɑ, [+n][+xp1]làŋtə̌, [+n][+xp1]laʼa, [+n][+xp1]làʼa, [+n][+xp1]làʼtə̌, [+n][+xp1]lɑ̀btə̌, [+n][+xp1]lɑ̀mə, [+n][+xp1]lɑntə, [+n][+xp1]lə̌, [+n][+xp1]ləʼə, [+n][+xp1]lɛ̀lɛ, [+n][+xp1]lɛnə, [+n][+xp1]lɛ̀nə, [+n][+xp1]lǐʼ nkɑb, [+n][+xp1]liʼi, [+n][+xp1]lô, [+n][+xp1]lǒ, [+n][+xp1]lodə, [+n][+xp1]lonə, [+n][+xp1]lòʼ, [+n][+xp1]lǒʼ, [+n][+xp1]lòʼ mbwə̀, [+n][+xp1]lǒʼ mɛ̀n, [+n][+xp1]lòʼ ngʉ̂, [+n][+xp1]lòʼo, [+n][+xp1]lɔtə, [+n][+xp1]màʼ ca, [+n][+xp1]mǎʼ ca, [+n][+xp1]mǎʼ miɑg, [+n][+xp1]mâʼ ncò, [+n][+xp1]màʼ ncʉâ, [+n][+xp1]mǎʼ nzwə, [+n][+xp1]maʼa, [+n][+xp1]màʼa, [+n][+xp1]mbâtə, [+n][+xp1]mbɛdtə̂, [+n][+xp1]mbɛ̀n nabtə, [+n][+xp1]mbɛ̀n siaŋə, [+n][+xp1]mbɛ̀n yɑ̂gə, [+n][+xp1]mbolə, [+n][+xp1]mbwə, [+n][+xp1]məm ncù, [+n][+xp1]mfɑ, [+n][+xp1]mǐ, [+n][+xp1]miàgtə̌, [+n][+xp1]miɑg nə̀̀, [+n][+xp1]miɑ̀gtə̌, [+n][+xp1]miɑ̂gtə, [+n][+xp1]mǒ, [+n][+xp1]na, [+n][+xp1]na mbɑ̀ncobə, [+n][+xp1]na nù, [+n][+xp1]nàbə, [+n][+xp1]nàbtə̌, [+n][+xp1]naʼ ngube, [+n][+xp1]nɑ̀btə̌, [+n][+xp1]nɑ̂btə̌, [+n][+xp1]ndǎ tû, [+n][+xp1]ndôʼ, [+n][+xp1]ndɔtə, [+n][+xp1]ndʉ̀mtə̌, [+n][+xp1]nə sitə, [+n][+xp1]nə̀ tsinə, [+n][+xp1]nɛ̌n, [+n][+xp1]nɛ̌n katə̀, [+n][+xp1]nɛ̌n mbwə̀, [+n][+xp1]nɛnə, [+n][+xp1]nɛ̀nə, [+n][+xp1]nɛ̂nə, [+n][+xp1]njən, [+n][+xp1]njənə, [+n][+xp1]njunə, [+n][+xp1]nkâg, [+n][+xp1]nkǐ, [+n][+xp1]nkitə, [+n][+xp1]nkɔ̂, [+n][+xp1]nsô, [+n][+xp1]nsɔ̂, [+n][+xp1]ntam, [+n][+xp1]ntɑ, [+n][+xp1]ntsiâŋ, [+n][+xp1]ntsiaŋə, [+n][+xp1]ntum, [+n][+xp1]ntα, [+n][+xp1]nu, [+n][+xp1]nu nə̀bàʼ, [+n][+xp1]nu ngʉə̀, [+n][+xp1]nyàŋə, [+n][+xp1]nyɑ̀m nə̀nà, [+n][+xp1]nyi, [+n][+xp1]nyǔʼ ntsə, [+n][+xp1]nyuʼu, [+n][+xp1]ŋat nyɑmdiaŋ, [+n][+xp1]ŋuʼu, [+n][+xp1]ŋwa dʉʼ, [+n][+xp1]ŋwatə dʉʼ, [+n][+xp1]sǎ, [+n][+xp1]sǎ Ncobnsi, [+n][+xp1]səʼ, [+n][+xp1]sə̀ʼ, [+n][+xp1]sə̂ʼ, [+n][+xp1]sə̌ʼ, [+n][+xp1]səʼə, [+n][+xp1]sə̀ʼə, [+n][+xp1]shəʼə, [+n][+xp1]shə̀ʼə, [+n][+xp1]shud ncù, [+n][+xp1]shʉbə, [+n][+xp1]siaŋə, [+n][+xp1]so, [+n][+xp1]sô, [+n][+xp1]sǒ, [+n][+xp1]sǒ nkətoʼo, [+n][+xp1]sògə, [+n][+xp1]sôŋ, [+n][+xp1]soŋ cɔ̀, [+n][+xp1]soŋə, [+n][+xp1]sɔ̌, [+n][+xp1]sɔ̌ nkɑb, [+n][+xp1]sǔ, [+n][+xp1]sùbə, [+n][+xp1]swatə ncobə, [+n][+xp1]swɛn, [+n][+xp1]swɛ̂n, [+n][+xp1]swɛ̌n, [+n][+xp1]swɛnə, [+n][+xp1]swɛ̀nə, [+n][+xp1]ta, [+n][+xp1]tâ ncù, [+n][+xp1]tadtə, [+n][+xp1]tam ntsə, [+n][+xp1]tamə, [+n][+xp1]tamtə̌, [+n][+xp1]tàmtə̌, [+n][+xp1]taŋə, [+n][+xp1]tàŋə, [+n][+xp1]taʼa, [+n][+xp1]tɑ nkʉd, [+n][+xp1]tə, [+n][+xp1]tə̂, [+n][+xp1]tə bu, [+n][+xp1]tə mfìʼ, [+n][+xp1]tə ndʉ̀, [+n][+xp1]tə nsi, [+n][+xp1]tə ntɑnə, [+n][+xp1]tə nǔ, [+n][+xp1]tə tǔn, [+n][+xp1]tɛnə, [+n][+xp1]to, [+n][+xp1]tog, [+n][+xp1]tôg, [+n][+xp1]Tôg, [+n][+xp1]tǒg ntsi, [+n][+xp1]togə, [+n][+xp1]tǒn ndem, [+n][+xp1]tonə, [+n][+xp1]toŋə, [+n][+xp1]tòʼ, [+n][+xp1]tǒʼ, [+n][+xp1]toʼo, [+n][+xp1]toʼtə, [+n][+xp1]tɔ, [+n][+xp1]tɔ̌, [+n][+xp1]tɔ fin, [+n][+xp1]tɔ kɑb, [+n][+xp1]tɔ ndɔ, [+n][+xp1]troc’hañ, [+n][+xp1]tsaʼtə, [+n][+xp1]tsiagə, [+n][+xp1]tsiàgə, [+n][+xp1]tsiaŋe, [+n][+xp1]tsiaŋə, [+n][+xp1]tsiàŋtə̌, [+n][+xp1]tsin nka, [+n][+xp1]tsinə, [+n][+xp1]tsìntə̌, [+n][+xp1]tswaʼa, [+n][+xp1]tswàʼtə̌, [+n][+xp1]tswə, [+n][+xp1]tswə̂, [+n][+xp1]tswit nkʉn, [+n][+xp1]tswìtə̌, [+n][+xp1]tum, [+n][+xp1]tumə, [+n][+xp1]tuʼu, [+n][+xp1]tʉntə, [+n][+xp1]tʉ̂ʼ, [+n][+xp1]twiagə, [+n][+xp1]unaniñ, [+n][+xp1]vɛ̀dtə̌, [+n][+xp1]vʉ̌, [+n][+xp1]vʉlə, [+n][+xp1]wǎd kə̀lɔ̀, [+n][+xp1]wàlə, [+n][+xp1]weʼe, [+n][+xp1]ya ntʉ, [+n][+xp1]yagə, [+n][+xp1]yàtə̌, [+n][+xp1]yaʼa, [+n][+xp1]yɑ̂b, [+n][+xp1]yɑbə, [+n][+xp1]yɑ̀gə, [+n][+xp1]yən, [+n][+xp1]yən ngəʼ, [+n][+xp1]yənə, [+n][+xp1]yǒg mə̀n, [+n][+xp1]yog nyàm, [+n][+xp1]yogə, [+n][+xp1]yɔ̀gə, [+n][+xp1]yùbə, [+n][+xp1]ywɛlə, [+n][+xp1]ywìlə, [+n][+xp1]ywimtə̌, [+n][+xp1]ywìmtə̌, [+n][+xp1]zi, [+n][+xp1]zi dʉ̀m, [+n][+xp1]zǐn, [+n][+xp1]zìnə, [+n][+xp1]ziʼ, [+n][+xp1]ziʼi, [+n][+xp1]ziʼtə, [+n][+xp1]ziʼtə̀, [+n][+xp1]zwi, [+n][+xp1]zwǐ, [+n][+xp1]zwiàgə, [+n][+xp1]zwiʼtə, [+n]bàgtə̌, [+n]baʼa, [+n]bə, [+n]bwə, [+n]cobə, [+n]fàʼa, [+n]fìʼi, [+n]ghʉ̌, [+n]jʉ bìn, [+n]kǎ, [+n]kəb ndʉ, [+n]kə̀lə, [+n]kùʼnǐ, [+n]kwìʼtə̌, [+n]ndiàgə, [+n]ntâmtə, [+n]shʉ̌, [+n]sìbə, [+n]tagə, [+n]tàmtə̌, [+n]tɑbtə̌, [+n]toʼtə, [+n]yabə, ba, bagdə, bàgə, bàgtə̌, bàgtə̌ màd, bǎm nǔm, bamə, batə, bàtə̌, bàtə̌ dʉʼ, bǎʼ nkab, baʼa, bɑnə, be, bə, bəʼə, bɛd nbwogə, bɛdtə, bɛ̂dtə, bɛdtə nǔ, bɛnə, biag tɔ, biagə, bilə, bìʼtə̌, bolə, bumə, buʼ mbu, buʼ tom, buʼu, bʉ, bʉ̂, bʉ̀ntə̌, bʉ̂ntə, bʉʼʉ, bwə, bwogə, bwogtə, bwonə, bwɔ̀, bwɔ̌, bwʉ̀ntə̌, cǎb ncù, cagə, càgtə̌, cǎm kù, càmə, càʼtə̌, càʼtə̌ nsi, cɑmə, cɑŋə, cilə, co, co nshunə, côb, cobə, cobtə, cǒm zwì, còŋə, coʼo, cʉǎ, cʉàtə̌, cʉɑ̌, cʉbə, cwitə, diɑgə, dùmdə̌, dunə, dʉ, dʉ̂, dʉʼdə, dʉʼʉ, fagə, fàgə, faʼa, fàʼa, fɑ, fɑ̂, fɑ cû, fɑ məbâm, fɑ ngɑn, fɑ nkɑk, fɑ ntag, fɑ̌n nzə̀, fə, fə̀mə, fɛd nsɔ, fɛ̀dtə̌, fɛlə, finə, fitə, fìʼi, fǒn, fonə, fotə, fu, futə, fʉ̌, fʉlə, fʉ̌n mbǎʼnzwə, fʉ̀nə, gha, ghàbə, ghaʼa, ghə̌, ghə̀dnǐ, ghoaʼa, ghomə, ghònə, ghoʼo, ghoʼo mbâbmbab, ghubtə, ghubtə yɑmə, ghùdnǐ, ghʉ̌, ghʉ̀ kàʼ, jun, jun tàʼ, junə, juʼu, jʉ, jʉ bìn, kǎ, kabtə, kǎg tùn, kàgə, kǎm ncà, kaŋə, kàŋtə̌, katə, kemə, keʼe, kəb ndʉ, kəb nka, kəb ntsiʼ, kəbə, kəbtə, kə̌d lɛ̀d, kə̀lə, kə̀ʼtə̌, kǐ, kǐ ŋwàʼnì, kǐ sə̂və̀, kiɑ̀gə, kìtə̌, kogə, kòmə, koʼo, kɔ̌, kuǎ, kuàʼa, kud, kud tǔn, kulə, kǔm, kùmə, kune dʉʼ, kǔʼ, kùʼnǐ, kùʼu, kʉ̌, kʉ̌ ndə, kʉd, kʉmtə, kʉʼtə, kwǎ, kwagə, kwatə̌, kwàtə, kwàtə̀, kwàtə̌, kwe, kwimtə, kwitə, kwǐʼ fùʼ, kwìʼtə̌, kwʉ, kwʉlə, lǎ, lǎ ntsə, làbə, lagtə̌, làgtə̌, làgtə̀ mfɑ, làŋtə̌, laʼa, làʼa, làʼtə̌, lɑ̀btə̌, lɑ̀mə, lɑntə, lə̌, ləʼə, lɛ̀lɛ, lɛnə, lɛ̀nə, lǐʼ nkɑb, liʼi, lô, lǒ, lodə, lonə, lòʼ, lǒʼ, lòʼ mbwə̀, lǒʼ mɛ̀n, lòʼ ngʉ̂, lòʼo, lɔtə, màʼ ca, mǎʼ ca, mǎʼ miɑg, mâʼ ncò, màʼ ncʉâ, mǎʼ nzwə, maʼa, màʼa, mbâtə, mbɛdtə̂, mbɛ̀n nabtə, mbɛ̀n siaŋə, mbɛ̀n yɑ̂gə, mbolə, mbwə, məm ncù, mfɑ, mǐ, miàgtə̌, miɑg nə̀̀, miɑ̀gtə̌, miɑ̂gtə, mǒ, na, na mbɑ̀ncobə, na nù, nàbə, nàbtə̌, naʼ ngube, nɑ̀btə̌, nɑ̂btə̌, ncʉâ, ndǎ tû, ndiàgə, ndôʼ, ndɔtə, ndʉ̀mtə̌, nə sitə, nə̀ tsinə, nɛ̌n, nɛ̌n katə̀, nɛ̌n mbwə̀, nɛnə, nɛ̀nə, nɛ̂nə, njən, njənə, njunə, nkâg, nkǐ, nkitə, nkɔ̂, nsô, nsɔ̂, ntam, ntâmtə, ntɑ, ntsiâŋ, ntsiaŋə, ntum, ntα, nu, nu nə̀bàʼ, nu ngʉə̀, nyàŋə, nyɑ̀m nə̀nà, nyi, nyǔʼ ntsə, nyuʼu, ŋat nyɑmdiaŋ, ŋuʼu, ŋwa dʉʼ, ŋwatə dʉʼ, sǎ, sǎ Ncobnsi, səʼ, sə̀ʼ, sə̂ʼ, sə̌ʼ, səʼə, sə̀ʼə, shəʼə, shə̀ʼə, shud ncù, shʉ̌, shʉbə, siaŋə, sìbə, so, sô, sǒ, sǒ nkətoʼo, sògə, sôŋ, soŋ cɔ̀, soŋə, sɔ̌, sɔ̌ nkɑb, sǔ, sùbə, swatə ncobə, swɛn, swɛ̂n, swɛ̌n, swɛnə, swɛ̀nə, ta, tâ ncù, tadtə, tagə, tam ntsə, tamə, tamtə̌, tàmtə̌, taŋə, tàŋə, taʼa, tɑ nkʉd, tɑbtə̌, tə, tə̂, tə bu, tə mfìʼ, tə ndʉ̀, tə nsi, tə ntɑnə, tə nǔ, tə tǔn, tɛnə, to, tog, tôg, Tôg, tǒg ntsi, togə, tǒn ndem, tonə, toŋə, tòʼ, tǒʼ, toʼo, toʼtə, tɔ, tɔ̌, tɔ fin, tɔ kɑb, tɔ ndɔ, troc’hañ, tsaʼtə, tsiagə, tsiàgə, tsiaŋe, tsiaŋə, tsiàŋtə̌, tsin nka, tsinə, tsìntə̌, tswaʼa, tswàʼtə̌, tswə, tswə̂, tswit nkʉn, tswìtə̌, tum, tumə, tuʼu, tʉntə, tʉ̂ʼ, twiagə, unaniñ, vɛ̀dtə̌, vʉ̌, vʉlə, wǎd kə̀lɔ̀, wàlə, weʼe, ya ntʉ, yabə, yagə, yàtə̌, yaʼa, yɑ̂b, yɑbə, yɑ̀gə, yən, yən ngəʼ, yənə, yǒg mə̀n, yog nyàm, yogə, yɔ̀gə, yùbə, ywɛlə, ywìlə, ywimtə̌, ywìmtə̌, zi, zi dʉ̀m, zǐn, zìnə, ziʼ, ziʼi, ziʼtə, ziʼtə̀, zwi, zwǐ, zwiàgə, zwiʼtə.