Lombard

Introduction

Lombard is a language spoked by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland, including most of Lombardy and some areas of neighbouring regions, notably the eastern side of Piedmont and the western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. Within the Romance languages, they form part of the Gallo-romance group.

The Lombard Verb

The conjugation of Lombard verbs is rather complex. The basis is Latin, which had four different conjugations. The Italian language has three conjugation today, Lombard still has four. Have a look at the following table comparing the infinitives in the three languages.

Latin (vulgar)	Italian	Lombard (Milanese)	English translation	Conjugation
parabol-are	parl-are	parl-à	to speak	I
vid-ēre	ved-ere	ved-è	to see	II
scrib-ĕre	scriv-ere	scriv	to write	III
sent-ire	sent-ire	sent-ì	to feel	IV

First conjugation: regular verbs in -à

PARLÀ (to speak)

Indicative mood
Present		Past Imperfect			Future
parli	I speak	parlavi		I used to speak	parlaroo	I'll speak
parlet	you speak (singular)	parlavet		you used to speak	parlaree(t)	you'll speak
parla	he speaks	parlava		he used to speak	parlarà	he'll speak
parlom	we speak	parlavom		we used to speak	parlarèmm	we'll speak
parlee	you speak (plural)	parlavov		you used to speak	parlarii	you'll speak
parlen	they speak	parlaven		they used to speak	parlarànn	they'll speak

Second conjugation: regular verbs in -è

VEDÈ (to see)

Indicative mood
Present		Past Imperfect			Future
védi	I see	vedévi		I used to see	vedaroo	I'll see
védet	you see (singular)	vedévet		you used to see	vedaree(t)	you'll see
véd	he sees	vedéva		he used to see	vedarà	he'll see
védom	we see	vedévom		we used to see	vedarèmm	we'll see
vedii	you see (plural)	vedévov		you used to see	vedarii	you'll see
véden	they see	vedéven		they used to see	vedarànn	they'll see

Third conjugation: regular verbs in consonant

The verbs belonging to this class have the same endings as those of the second conjugation. The infinitive is the only difference (there is no final -è for the verbs of the 3rd conjugation).

Fourth conjugation: regular verbs in -ì

SENTÌ (to hear)

Indicative mood
Present		Past Imperfect			Future
sénti	I hear	sentivi		I used to hear	sentiroo	I'll hear
séntet	you hear (singular)	sentivet		you used to hear	sentiree(t)	you'll hear
sént	he hears	sentiva		he used to hear	sentirà	he'll hear
séntom	we hear	sentivom		we used to hear	sentirèmm	we'll hear
sentii	you hear (plural)	sentivov		you used to hear	sentirii	you'll hear
sénten	they hear	sentiven		they used to hear	sentirànn	they'll hear

The Verb vess (to be)

1st sg.	mì son(t)
2nd sg.	tì te see(t)
3rd sg.	lù/lee l'è ~ ell
1st pl.	nun semm
2nd pl.	vujolter sii
3rd pl.	lor (a) hin

Verblist

abbordà, abdicà, acetà, adorà, alternà, alzà, amà, andà, ascoltà, avè, bagnà, baià, bandonà, bandì, basà, batt, bev, brusà, bui, buttà, calà, cantà, cascià, celebrà, cercà, ciamà, ciapà, comprà, confessà, confortà, confrontà, controllà, costà, covà, cred, cress, creà, criticà, cugnuss, cusì, cór, cös, definì, documentà, domandà, dormì, dorì, dotà, dà, dì, fing, finì, fà, garantì, gasà, giontà, girà, giugà, godè, governà, grattà, guarnì, gustà, imaginà, incoronà, indicà, indù, informà, istruì, iuttà, lassà, lavorà, lavà, leccà, leg, levà, lez, ligà, lodà, lèzer, lézer, macà, magnà, mangià, manjar, mazzà, montà, mord, morì, mudà, mètt, móng, möves, nass, negar, nettà, nodà, noeus, noxer, odià, operà, pagà, passà, patì, peccà, pend, pensà, perd, perder, pescà, pesà, piang, piaxer, piöf, podè, poggia, portà, pregà, preparà, presentà, proclamà, provocà, provà, renovà, ricordà, romp, róbà, saltà, salvà, sarà, savè, savé, scernì, scovà, scriv, scónd, sentì, servì, sofegar, sognà, someià, sonà, spettà, stampà, strafà, stremí, stremísser, stà, sudà, sugà, taià, tajà, tajâ, tegnì, terminà, tirà, tornà, tossì, trovà, vardà, vedè, vegnì, vend, veng, verificà, vestì, viv, vodì, volà, vong, vorè, vèss, vésser, zenà, çutar.

Verblists

• Italian: Canton Ticino
• Italian: Lombardia
• Italian: Trentino, Alto Adige