Lombard
Facts
- Language: Lombard
- Alternate names: Western Lombard, Lombard, Milanese
- Language code: lmo
- Language family: Indo-European, Classical Indo-European, Italic, Latino-Faliscan, Latinic, Imperial Latin, Romance, Italo-Western Romance, Western Romance, Shifted Western Romance, Northwestern Shifted Romance, Gallo-Italian, Piemontese-Lombard
- Number of speakers:
- Script: Latin script
More information:
Introduction
Lombard is a language spoked by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland, including most of Lombardy and some areas of neighbouring regions, notably the eastern side of Piedmont and the western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. Within the Romance languages, they form part of the Gallo-romance group.
Lombard language speaking area
The Lombard Verb
The conjugation of Lombard verbs is rather complex. The basis is Latin, which had four different conjugations. The Italian language has three conjugation today, Lombard still has four. Have a look at the following table comparing the infinitives in the three languages.
| Latin (vulgar) | Italian | Lombard (Milanese) | English translation | Conjugation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| parabol-are | parl-are | parl-à | to speak | I |
| vid-ēre | ved-ere | ved-è | to see | II |
| scrib-ĕre | scriv-ere | scriv | to write | III |
| sent-ire | sent-ire | sent-ì | to feel | IV |
First conjugation: regular verbs in -à
PARLÀ (to speak)
| Indicative mood | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present |
Past Imperfect |
Future | ||||
| parli | I speak | parlavi | I used to speak | parlaroo | I'll speak | |
| parlet | you speak (singular) | parlavet | you used to speak | parlaree(t) | you'll speak | |
| parla | he speaks | parlava | he used to speak | parlarà | he'll speak | |
| parlom | we speak | parlavom | we used to speak | parlarèmm | we'll speak | |
| parlee | you speak (plural) | parlavov | you used to speak | parlarii | you'll speak | |
| parlen | they speak | parlaven | they used to speak | parlarànn | they'll speak | |
Second conjugation: regular verbs in -è
VEDÈ (to see)
| Indicative mood | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present |
Past Imperfect |
Future | ||||
| védi | I see | vedévi | I used to see | vedaroo | I'll see | |
| védet | you see (singular) | vedévet | you used to see | vedaree(t) | you'll see | |
| véd | he sees | vedéva | he used to see | vedarà | he'll see | |
| védom | we see | vedévom | we used to see | vedarèmm | we'll see | |
| vedii | you see (plural) | vedévov | you used to see | vedarii | you'll see | |
| véden | they see | vedéven | they used to see | vedarànn | they'll see | |
Third conjugation: regular verbs in consonant
The verbs belonging to this class have the same endings as those of the second conjugation. The infinitive is the only difference (there is no final -è for the verbs of the 3rd conjugation).
Fourth conjugation: regular verbs in -ì
SENTÌ (to hear)
| Indicative mood | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present |
Past Imperfect |
Future | ||||
| sénti | I hear | sentivi | I used to hear | sentiroo | I'll hear | |
| séntet | you hear (singular) | sentivet | you used to hear | sentiree(t) | you'll hear | |
| sént | he hears | sentiva | he used to hear | sentirà | he'll hear | |
| séntom | we hear | sentivom | we used to hear | sentirèmm | we'll hear | |
| sentii | you hear (plural) | sentivov | you used to hear | sentirii | you'll hear | |
| sénten | they hear | sentiven | they used to hear | sentirànn | they'll hear | |
The Verb vess (to be)
| 1st sg. | mì son(t) |
| 2nd sg. | tì te see(t) |
| 3rd sg. | lù/lee l'è ~ ell |
| 1st pl. | nun semm |
| 2nd pl. | vujolter sii |
| 3rd pl. | lor (a) hin |
Verblist
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