Old Nubian
Facts
- Language: Old Nubian
- Alternate names:
- Language code: onw
- Language family: Nubian, Nobiin Nubian
- Number of speakers: Extinct
- Script: Derived from Coptics script
More information:
Introduction
Old Nubian is an ancient variety of Nubian, spoken until about the 15th century AD. It is ancestral to modern-day Nobiin? and related to other Nubian.
Old Nubian is one of the oldest written African languages, but was only used sporadically. The civil administration and legal records tended to employ Greek, while the church leadership (originally all Egyptians) were fluent in Coptic.
The verb
The verb has five main forms:
- present,
- preterite I,
- preterite II,
- future, and
- imperative.
For each of these, there are subjunctive and indicative forms. It conjugates according to person.
Sample verb: dollil wishing
Person | PRESENT | PRETERITE I | PRETERITE II | FUTURE | ||||
Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | |
Sg.1 | dolli-r-i | dolli-r-e (-e < i+a) | doll-a-ri | doll-a-re (-e < i+a) | dolli-s-i (-s- < -r+s-) | dolli-s-e (-s- < -r+s-, -e < i+a) | doll-ar-r-i | doll-ar-r-e (-e < i+a) |
Sg.2/3 | dolli-n (-n < -r+n) | dolli-n-a (-n- < -r+n-) | doll-o-n / -a-n (-n- < -r+n-) | doll-o-n-a / -a-n-a (-n- < -r+n-) | dolli-si-n (-s- < -r+s-) | dolli-si-n-a (-s- < -r+s-) | doll-an (-an < -ar+n) | doll-ann-a (-ann- < -ar+n-) |
Pl.1/2 | dolli-r-u | dolli-r-o (-o < -u+a) | doll-a-r-u | doll-a-r-o (-o < -u+a) | dolli-s-u (-s < -r+s) | dolli-s-o (-s- < -r+s-, -o < u+a) | doll-ar-r-u | doll-ar-r-o (-o < u+a) |
Pl.3 | dolli-r-an | dolli-r-an-a | doll-a-r-an | doll-a-r-an | dolli-s-an (-s < -r+s) | dolli-s-an-a (-s < -r+s) | doll-ar-r-an | doll-ar-r-an-a |
Verblist
- ⲁ̄ⲅⲟⲣ
- ⲁ̄ⲙⲁⲇⲉⲓⳝ
- ⲁ̄ⲙⲁⲇⳝ
- ⲁϣϣⲁⲩⲉⲓ
- ⲁⲕ
- ⲁⲛⲕ
- ⲁⲣⲙⲥ
- ⲁⲣⲣ
- ⲁⲩⲉⲓ
- ⲁⳝⲁⲩⲉⲓ
- ⲁⳝⳝ
- ⲅⲁⲗⲗ
- ⲅⲁⳝ
- ⲅⲡ̄ⲣⲧ
- ⲅⲡ̄ⲣⲧⲣ̄
- ⲇ̄ⲙ̄ⲙ
- ⲇⲁⲡⲡⲣ̄
- ⲇⲉⲕⲕ
- ⲇⲓ
- ⲇⲓⳟⲉ
- ⲉ̄ⲅⲓⲇ
- ⲉ̄ⲕⲕ
- ⲉ̄ⲥⲟⲅⲅ
- ⲉ̄ⲥⲟⲛⲅⲅ
- ⲉⲓ
- ⲉⲓⲁⲣ
- ⲉⲓⲇⳡ
- ⲉⲓⲧ
- ⲉⲕ̄ⲕ
- ⲉⲛ
- ⲉⲛⲛ
- ⲓ
- ⲕϣ̄ⲕϣ̄
- ⲕⲁⲥⲕⲁⲥ
- ⲕⲉⲇ
- ⲕⲓⲣ
- ⲕⲓⲣⲓⲅⲣ̄
- ⲕⲙ̄
- ⲕⲙ̄ⲙ
- ⲕⲟⲩⲣⲕⲟⲩ
- ⲙⲁⲇⳝⲟⲩⲉ̄
- ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲕ
- ⲙⲓⲇⲇ
- ⲙⲟⲩⲇⲟⲩ
- ⲙⲟⲩⲇⲟⲩⲉⲓ
- ⲟⲕⲕⲁⲣ
- ⲟⲗⲗ
- ⲟⲩⲉ̄
- ⲟⲩⲕⲕⲟⲩⲧ
- ⲡⲁⲣ
- ⲡⲁⳝ
- ⲡⲁⳝⳝ
- ⲡⲉⲓ
- ⲡⲓⲕⲕ
- ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩ
- ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉⲓ
- ⲡⲗ̄ⲗ
- ⲡⲟⲟⲅ
- ⲥ̄ⲕⲟⲉⲗ
- ⲥⲟⲗ
- ⲥⲟⲩⲕⲕ
- ⲧ̄ⲟⲩⲗⲗ
- ⲧⲉⲉⲓ
- ⲧⲓⳝⳝⲁⲛ
- ⲧⲙ̄ⲙ
- ⲧⲟⲩⳟ
- ⲧⲥ̄ⲥ
- ⳝⲉⲓⳟⲉⲓⲇ
- ⳝⲉⲗⲟⲩⲉ̄
- ⳝⲟⲣ
- ⳟⲁⲇ
- ⳟⲉⲓ
- ⳟⲉⲥ
- ⳟⲓⲥⲥ
- ⳟⲟⲇⲇ
- ⳟⲟⲛⳝ