Old Nubian
Facts
- Language: Old Nubian
- Alternate names:
- Language code: onw
- Language family: Nubian, Nobiin Nubian
- Number of speakers: Extinct
- Script: Derived from Coptics script
More information:
Introduction
Old Nubian is an ancient variety of Nubian, spoken until about the 15th century AD. It is ancestral to modern-day Nobiin? and related to other Nubian.
Old Nubian is one of the oldest written African languages, but was only used sporadically. The civil administration and legal records tended to employ Greek, while the church leadership (originally all Egyptians) were fluent in Coptic.
The verb
The verb has five main forms:
- present,
- preterite I,
- preterite II,
- future, and
- imperative.
For each of these, there are subjunctive and indicative forms. It conjugates according to person.
Sample verb: dollil wishing
Person | PRESENT | PRETERITE I | PRETERITE II | FUTURE | ||||
Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | Subjunctive | Indicative | |
Sg.1 | dolli-r-i | dolli-r-e (-e < i+a) | doll-a-ri | doll-a-re (-e < i+a) | dolli-s-i (-s- < -r+s-) | dolli-s-e (-s- < -r+s-, -e < i+a) | doll-ar-r-i | doll-ar-r-e (-e < i+a) |
Sg.2/3 | dolli-n (-n < -r+n) | dolli-n-a (-n- < -r+n-) | doll-o-n / -a-n (-n- < -r+n-) | doll-o-n-a / -a-n-a (-n- < -r+n-) | dolli-si-n (-s- < -r+s-) | dolli-si-n-a (-s- < -r+s-) | doll-an (-an < -ar+n) | doll-ann-a (-ann- < -ar+n-) |
Pl.1/2 | dolli-r-u | dolli-r-o (-o < -u+a) | doll-a-r-u | doll-a-r-o (-o < -u+a) | dolli-s-u (-s < -r+s) | dolli-s-o (-s- < -r+s-, -o < u+a) | doll-ar-r-u | doll-ar-r-o (-o < u+a) |
Pl.3 | dolli-r-an | dolli-r-an-a | doll-a-r-an | doll-a-r-an | dolli-s-an (-s < -r+s) | dolli-s-an-a (-s < -r+s) | doll-ar-r-an | doll-ar-r-an-a |
Verblist
- ⲁⲕ
- ⲁⲗⲗ
- ⲁⲛⲕ
- ⲁⲣⲙⲥ
- ⲁⲣⲣ
- ⲁⲩⲉⲓ
- ⲁϣϣⲁⲩⲉⲓ
- ⲁⳝⲁⲩⲉⲓ
- ⲁⳝⳝ
- ⲅⲁⲗⲗ
- ⲅⲡ̄ⲣⲧ
- ⲅⲡ̄ⲣⲧⲣ̄
- ⲅⲁⳝ
- ⲇⲓ
- ⲇ̄ⲙ̄ⲙ
- ⲇⲉⲕⲕ
- ⲇⲁⲡⲡⲣ̄
- ⲇⲓⳟⲉ
- ⲉ̄ⲅⲓⲇ
- ⲉ̄ⲕⲕ
- ⲉ̄ⲥⲟⲅⲅ
- ⲉ̄ⲥⲟⲛⲅⲅ
- ⲉⲕ̄ⲕ
- ⲉⲛ
- ⲉⲛⲛ
- ⲉⲓ
- ⲓ
- ⲉⲓⲇⳡ
- ⲉⲓⲁⲣ
- ⲉⲓⲧ
- ⲕⲉⲇ
- ⲕⲙ̄
- ⲕⲙ̄ⲙ
- ⲕⲓⲣ
- ⲕⲓⲣⲓⲅⲣ̄
- ⲕⲟⲩⲣⲕⲟⲩ
- ⲕⲁⲥⲕⲁⲥ
- ⲕϣ̄ⲕϣ̄
- ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲕ
- ⲙⲟⲩⲇⲟⲩ
- ⲙⲓⲇⲇ
- ⲙⲟⲩⲇⲟⲩⲉⲓ
- ⲙⲁⲇⳝⲟⲩⲉ̄
- ⲟⲕⲕⲁⲣ
- ⲟⲗⲗ
- ⲡⲉⲓ
- ⲡⲟⲟⲅ
- ⲡⲓⲕⲕ
- ⲡⲗ̄ⲗ
- ⲡⲁⲣ
- ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩ
- ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉⲓ
- ⲡⲁⳝ
- ⲡⲁⳝⳝ
- ⲥ̄ⲕⲟⲉⲗ
- ⲥⲟⲩⲕⲕ
- ⲥⲟⲗ
- ⲧⲉⲉⲓ
- ⲧ̄ⲟⲩⲗⲗ
- ⲧⲙ̄ⲙ
- ⲧⲥ̄ⲥ
- ⲧⲓⳝⳝⲁⲛ
- ⲧⲟⲩⳟ
- ⲟⲩⲕⲕⲟⲩⲧ
- ⲁ̄ⲅⲟⲣ
- ⲁ̄ⲙⲁⲇⲉⲓⳝ
- ⲁ̄ⲙⲁⲇⳝ
- ⲟⲩⲉ̄
- ⳝⲉⲗⲟⲩⲉ̄
- ⳝⲟⲣ
- ⳝⲉⲓⳟⲉⲓⲇ
- ⳟⲉⲓ
- ⳟⲁⲇ
- ⳟⲟⲇⲇ
- ⳟⲟⲛⳝ
- ⳟⲉⲥ
- ⳟⲓⲥⲥ