Old Spanish
Conjugate VerbsFacts
- Language: Old Spanish
- Alternate names:
- Language code: osp
- Language family: Indo-European, Classical Indo-European, Italic, Latino-Faliscan, Latinic, Imperial Latin, Romance, Italo-Western Romance, Western Romance, Shifted Western Romance, Southwestern Shifted Romance, West Ibero-Romance, Castilic
- Number of speakers: Extinct
- Script: Latin script
More information:
Introduction
Old Spanish is the predecessor of Modern Spanish. The "first written Spanish" is traditionally considered to have appeared in the Glosas Emilianenses (~ A.D. 978). Old Spanish period continued until approximately the fifteenth century.
The verb
Conjugation groups
Old Spanish verbs are divided in regular and irregular verbs. The vast majority of the verbs are regular. All the verbs are also divided in conjugation groups according to the ending in the infinitive.
- 1st conjugation (I), verbs ending in -ar (from Latin -āre verbs)
- 2nd conjugation (II), verbs ending in -er (from Latin -ēre and -ĕre verbs)
- 3rd conjugation (III), verbs ending in -ir (from Latin -īre verbs)
Sample verb (1st conjugation): cantar
Indicative | Subjunctive | Conditional | Imperative | |||||||
Present | Imperfect | Preterite | Future | Pluperfect | Present | Imperfect | Future | |||
Sg.1 | canto | cantava | canté | cantar (h)e / cantaré | cantara | cante | cantas(se) | cantaro / cantar(e) | cantar (h)ía / cantaría | - |
Sg.2 | cantas | cantavas | cantast(e) / cantest(e) | cantar (h)as / cantarás | cantaras | cantes | cantasses | cantares | cantar (h)ías / cantarías / cantaríes | canta! |
Sg.3 | canta | cantava | cantó | cantar (h)a / cantará | cantara | cante | cantas(se) | cantar(e) | cantar (h)ía / cantaría / cantarie | - |
Pl.1 | cantamos | cantávamos | cantamos / cantemos | cantar (h)emos / cantaremos | cantáramos | cantemos | cantássemos | cantáremos | cantar (h)íamos / cantaríamos / cantariemos | - |
Pl.2 | cantades | cantábades | cantastes / cantestes | cantar (h)edes / cantaredes | cantárades | cantedes | cantássedes | cantár(e)des | cantar (h)íades / cantaríades / cantariedes | cantad! |
Pl.3 | cantan | cantavan | cantaron | cantar (h)an / cantarán | cantaran | canten | cantassen | cantaren | cantar (h)ían / cantarían / cantarien | - |
Verblist
- agradesçer
- aver
- averar
- averiguar
- bever
- bevir
- buscar
- comer
- dereçar
- dexar
- dezir
- erzer
- esperar
- exir
- eñadir
- fablar
- fazer
- finchar
- foder
- frañer
- fuder
- judgar
- legar
- lexar
- nevar
- nombrar
- occidir
- pavilo
- pechar
- pensar
- pesar
- premer
- prestar
- rabir
- reptar
- responder
- seer
- segar
- sospirar
- traer
- trobar
- venir
- yantar
References
- Penny, Ralph. A History of the Spanish Language. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK , 2006.