Proto-Germanic, Northwest

Conjugate Verbs

Facts

  • Language: Proto-Germanic, Northwest
  • Alternate names: Common Germanic
  • Language code: xpgnw
  • Language family: Indo-European, Germanic (SIL classification)
  • Number of speakers: Extinct
  • Script: Latin script

More information:

    Introduction

    Proto-Germanic is the hypothetical common ancestor (proto-language) of all the Germanic languages such as modern English, Dutch, Afrikaans, German, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Faroese, and Swedish. The Proto-Germanic language is not directly attested by any surviving texts but has been reconstructed using the comparative method. However, a few surviving inscriptions in a runic script from Scandinavia dated to c. 200 are thought to represent a stage of Proto-Norse or Late Common Germanic immediately following the "Proto-Germanic" stage.

    Proto-Germanic evolved into following languages by the 4th century:

    Proto-Germanic is itself descended from Proto-Indo-European.

    The Proto-Germanic verb

    Sample verb: berana

    ACTIVE PASSIVE
    Indicative Imperative Subjunctive Indicative Subjunctive
    Present Past Present Past Present Present
    Sg.1 beru berō - bar bērī berad̵e berēd̵u
    Sg.2 biriz berēz ber! bart bērīs beraze berēzu
    Sg.3 birid̵ berē berōd̵a! bar bērī berad̵e berēd̵u
    Du.1 berōz berēwe - bēru bērīwe - -
    Du.2 berad̵z berēd̵z - bērts bērīez - -
    Pl.1 berumz berēme - bērm bērīme berande berēndu
    Pl.2 bered̵ berēd̵ - bērd̵ bērīe
    Pl.3 berand berēn berandō! bērun bērīn

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