Pashtu

Facts

  • Language: Pashtu
  • Alternate names: Mahsudi, Pashtu, Pushto, Pushtu, Quetta-Kandahar Pashto, Pakhto, Yusufzai Pashto
  • Language code: pus
  • Language family: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto (SIL classification)
  • Number of speakers: 20304734
  • Script: Arabic script

More information:

    Introduction


    Pashtu speaking areas

    Pashto is an Indo-European language spoken primarily in Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. In Afghanistan, Pashto is a national and official language (along with Dari).

    The name Pashto is thought to derive from the reconstructed proto-Iranian form, parsawā 'Persian' language. In northen Afghanistan speakers of Pashto are called Pakhtūn; in sourthen Afghanistan they are known as Pashtūn, and as Pathān or Afghan in Pakistan.

    There are two major dialects of Pashto: Western Pashto spoken in Afghanistan and in the capital, Kabul, and Eastern Pashto spoken in northeastern Pakistan. Most speakers of Pashto speak these two dialects. Two other dialects are also distinguished: Southern Pashto, spoken in Baluchistan (western Pakistan and eastern Iran) and in Kandahar, Afghanistan; Central Pashto spoken in northern Pakistan (Wazirstan).

    The verb

    The verb system is very intricate with the following tenses/moods:

    In any of the past tenses (simple past, past progressive, present perfect and past perfect), Pashto is an ergative language; i.e., transitive verbs in any of the past tenses agree with the object of the sentence

    Sample verb: to be

    Present Past
    Sg.1 zə yəm zə wəm
    Sg.2 tə ye tə we
    Sg.3 dai dae

    dā da

    (m) dai wə
    (f) dā wa
    Pl.1 muγ̌ yu muγ̌ wu
    Pl.2 tāse yāst/yəi tāse wəi
    Pl.3 duy di (m) duy wi
    (f) duy we

    Verblist

    ابادول, اخيستل, اخښل, استول, اغوستل, اغږل, الوتل, اوباسم, اوبدل, اورم, اورول, اورېدل, اوسم, اوسېدل, اويم, اوړم, اوړېدل, ايستل, اچول, اړول, بادول, بارول, بايلل, بحث کول, بخښل, بدلول, بدلېدل, بلل, بندول, بنګېدل, بهېدل, بهېږم, بوزېدل, بولم, بوڼېدل, بيايم, بيول, تاوول, تلل, تويول, تړل, تېروتل, جنګول, جوړول, جګړول, ختل, خوړل, داړل, دروستل, درول, درکول, درېدل, درېږم, راتلل, راوستل, راولم, راوړل, راکول, زباتل, زده کول, زغمل, زېږېدل, ساتل, ستايل, سترګې په لار کول, ستړی کول, غضب کول, غندل, غواړم, غورځول, غوول, غوږ نيول, غوښتل, غيم, غپل, غپول, غپېدل, غړومبل, غږېدل, غښتل, لامبل, لرل, لمانځل, لمسول, لوبه کول, لوبول, لوبې کول, لوبېدل, لوستل, لوړل, ليدل, لېشه کول, لېږل, منل, موندل, موټک وهل, مينه کول, مېشتول, ننوتل, وئ, وتل, ودانول, وروستل, ورولم, ورکول, وم, ويشتل, وينم, وېرول, وېرېدل, يم, پايول, پای ته رسېدل, پخو, پخول, پخېدل, پرېښودل, پلورل, پورې کول, پوهېدل, پېرل, پېژندل, ځغستل, ځغلم, ځغلول, ځم, څارون, څرخول, څرګندول, څکل, څېړل, چيچل, ږغېدل, ژباړل, ژوند کول, ښکنځل, کتل, کسم, کول, کېدل, کېښکودل, ګرځول, ګرځېدل, ګنډل, ګورل, ګورم, ګټل, ګډېدل, ګڼل.