Scots

Conjugate Verbs

Introduction

Difficult intelligibility among dialects. Northern Scots on the Scottish Islands is considered by some to be a different language (Shetlandic or Orcadian). Doric and Ulster are inherently intelligible to speakers, but difficulties are common in speech and writing. Lallans is the main literary dialect. Ulster Scots has its own development group. Scots is closest to English and Frisian. English is considered to be the language of education and religion. Used with family and friends. All ages. 1,500,000 speak it as second language.

The Scots Verb

The present tense of verbs adheres to the Northern subject rule whereby verbs end in -s in all persons and numbers except when a single personal pronoun is next to the verb. Many verbs have strong or irregular forms which are distinctive from Standard English. The regular past form of the weak or regular verbs is -it, -t or -ed, according to the preceding consonant or vowel. The negative particle is na, sometimes spelled nae, e.g. canna ("can't"), daurna ("daren't"), michtna ("mightn't").

Verblist

a dae, a-be, a-do, aaber, ab, abaise, abase, abb, abee, abeese, aber, abir, ableeged, abraid, absteen, abstract, abuise, abuize, abund, abye, accep, accept, accommodate, accress, accuistom, acherspyre, ack, ackaduir, ackadur, ackadür, ackiespyre, ackre, acquant, acquent, acre, act, action, adae, adapt, addickit, addict, addle, address, adduce, adee, adheebit, admeenister, admeet, admire, admonish, ado, adopit, adow, adventur, adverteese, adverteeze, advertish, aesin, afaynd, affeckit, affect, affeir, affeurd, afflick, afflict, afflude, affoord, affroad, affront, affuird, ag, agae, age, agent, agg, aggl, aggle, agitate, agl, agree, agyaen, agyaun, aiccess, aich, aicht, aig, aigh, aik, ail, aint, air, airch, airn, airt, airth, ait, aitran, aizan, akkerdüir, alloo, annt, ant, apen, arena, arl, arm, awber, bab, backspeer, backspeir, bairn, bather, bauther, be, becoom, beflum, beh, behecht, belang, beld, bery, besmarten, bespeak, better, bide, big, biggen, bing, birse, birsle, birstle, bizz, blackmail, blash, blaw, bleester, blether, blikken, blouster, blume, boak, bob, boke, boo, bosie, bou, bourach, bowk, brack, brade, brainyell, brakfast, breard, breenge, breer, breest, brichten, brick, bring, brook, brouk, brousle, bruik, bud, buil, buiry, bury, buy, ca, ca canny, ca', ca' canny, caa, caad, caaed, caas, caickle, cairry, cairt, cammel, can, canker, canna, cannae, cap, carfuffle, cark, caw canny, champ, chap, chirk, chirt, chork, chowk, claught, claver, cleck, cleek, cleester, cleik, clim, clipe, clock, clour, clype, coch, coff, coggle, cognosce, cole, colf, collogue, collop, conseest, conseests, constitute, contreibute, coont, coorie, corn, corrie, coup, coup the cran, courie, cown, crine, cry, cuiter, cuittle, cum, curfuffle, dacker, dae, dae guid, daiker, dammish, dander, dar, daud, daunther, daunton, daur, daurna, daut, daver, dawt, deave, deaves, dee, deeve, dei, describe, dicht, ding, dingie, dink, dinnae, dirk, dirl, disable, disabuise, disadvise, disjune, dit, div, divna, divnae, donner, dook, douk, dover, dow, dozen, draigle, draunt, dree, dreep, drook, droon, drouk, droun, drow, dug, duik, duke, dunch, dwam, dwine, echt, eik, enfauld, ent, erd, ert, esin, est, ettle, evite, exeest, expoond, fa', faa, faik, fare, fash, fauch, faut, fear, fecht, ferly, feu, feuch, finnd, first-fit, firyat, fissle, fit, flaff, flaffer, flaucht, flauchter, flaughter, flei, flether, flichter, flird, fliss, flit, flour, follae, foond, foost, foost up, fordel, forenail, forfault, forhoo, forhooie, forleet, fornale, forspeak, forstand, foryeild, frain, frait, fre, fren, froad, froed, frood, fuck, fud, fummle, gaan, gae, gaen, gaither, gan, gang, gant, gar, gaunt, get abuin, get the flaucht, gie, gie it laldy, gill, ging, girl, gizzen, gley, glunch, gnidge, goam, gonnae no, gonnie no, gowf, gree, greet, greit, grime, grush, guddle, guesten, gyang, gype, hae, hae ane's ain tae dae, haesna, hag, haig, hail, hain, hainch, hairst, haiver, hald, hallow, hatter, haud, hauld, hause, haver, hech, hecht, heft, heuch, hev, hiddle, hing, hink, hirple, hirsel, hirsle, hobbel, hoot, hover, howf, howff, howk, howpe, hoy, huik, hurkle, ill-speak, ingive, inlaik, ir, isna, isnae, jalouse, jarg, jeuk, jirt, jouk, jow, juik, jump, justifee, justifees, justifeet, jyne, kame, keb, keek, keik, ken, kendna, kirk, kirn, kithe, klondyke, knicht, knidge, knuse, knusle, kwilk, kyemp, kyth, kyucker, lainch, laith, lamp, lap, lauch, learn, lee, lei, leuk, licht, like, lippen, lith, loup, lowp, luid, luik, luke, luve, maiden, mairch, mairry, mairy, mak, mallivoag, mane, manifest, maun, mease, meenit, mey, micht, michtna, mim, mind, ming, mirk, mirks, misliken, mitter, moop, moup, mout, mowt, muck, mun, naitran, nebour, neibour, nevel, nicher, nieve, nievel, nocht, note, now, nyurl, oul, owerset, oxter, pairt, pan, patch, pech, peer, peety, pish, pit, polis, pran, pree, preen, preif, preife, prent, prescrive, prig, pron, pruve, pushion, putt, quader, queem, raible, rake, recoont, redd, reek, rift, rin, roon, roond, roun, rump, ryke, sab, sain, sairch, sairve, sall, sark, saunt, saut, sawe, scad, scaud, scauld, scawl, schould, scone, scooder, scouk, scoup, scouther, scowder, scowp, scraich, scraigh, scraugh, scrawb, screich, screigh, scriech, scrieve, scunner, see, sei, sell, shachle, shackle, shae, shaw, shoudna, sind, skaith, skelf, skelp, skirl, skite, sklent, skraigh, skreigh, skult, sky, slap, sleek, slidder, slivver, sloken, smush, snaip, sneck, snowk, soop, soorn, souder, souk in, soun, souther, sowther, spae, spairge, spay, speak, speak a wird tae, speak back, speik, speir, splairge, splore, spraff, spraich, spring, stap, staun, stert, stey, stog, stot, stound, stow, straik, strauchten, stravaig, streek, streen, streend, streetch, stug, sugh, swallie, swee, swick, swither, taak, tae, taich, taigle, tak, tak the guid o, tarrow, thair, thank, thee, theek, think, thrang, thratch, thraw, thrimmle, thunner, tice, tire, tirl, tirls, tirr, titch, to-cleve, to-rare, to-wrye, tochange, tocome, tocum, touk, tout, towk, trachle, traik, traivel, trauchle, troddle, trot, trottle, tyne, umbedo, umbethink, unct, unnerstaund, upcast, uphaud, uprend, upstraucht, vake, veesit, wad, waff, wale, watter, wauchle, wauken, waulk, wave, weird, whaisle, whaizle, whank, whasle, what, whauk, wheenge, wheezle, whisht, wield, win abuin, winna, winnae, wird, wirk, witch, wite, withgang, worry, wow, wring, wrunkle, wud, wyte, yaff, yammer, yamph, yank, yawk, yeld, yird, yirdit, yirm, yirn, yowt, yuck.