Wymysorys
Conjugate VerbsFacts
- Language: Wymysorys
- Alternate names: Wilamowicean, Wilmesaurisch, Wymysiöeryś, Vilamovian
- Language code: wym
- Language family: Indo-European, Classical Indo-European, Germanic, Northwest Germanic, West Germanic, High German, Middle German, East Middle German, Schlesisch-Wilmesau
- Number of speakers: 20.
- Script:
More information:
Introduction
Wymysorys is a West Germanic language spoken by the ethnic Vilamovian minority in the small town of Wilamowice, Poland, on the border between Silesia and Lesser Poland, near Bielsko-Biała. It is considered an endangered language, possibly the most so of any of the Germanic languages. There are probably fewer than 20 native users of Wymysorys, virtually all bilingual; the majority are elderly.
The Wymysorys Verb
Synthetic tenses
There are three synthetic verbal constructions (tenses) in Wymysorys:- Present yhy mah ‘I do’
- Preterite yhy maht ‘I did’
- Conjunctive I Few verbs only: auxiliary verbs zȧjn ‘be’, hon ‘have’, and wada ‘become’ as well as some modal verbs, such as djyfa ‘should, must’, kyna ‘can’, zuła ‘shall’, mygja ‘can/may’, müsa ‘must’ and weła ‘want’.
Periphrastical tenses
The rest of the tenses are periphrastical and use an auxiliary verb for conjugation.- Perfect yhy ho gymaht ‘I have done’
- Pluperfect yhy hot gymaht ‘I had done’
- Future I yhy wa / wȧ maha ‘I will do’
- Future I Perfect yhy wa / wȧ hon gymaht ‘I will have done’
- Future II yhy zo maha ‘I shall do’
- Conjunctive I Perfect (wen) yhy het gymaht ‘(if) I had done’
- Conjunctive II (wen) yhy wje maha ‘(if) I did (lit. if I would do)’
- Conjunctive II Perfect (wen) yhy wje hon gymaht ‘(if) I had done
- Progressive yhy bej maha ‘I am doing’
- Resultative sejs ej gymaht ‘it is done’; ejs wjyd gymaht ‘it is (being) made / will be done’; ejs błȧjt gymaht ‘it is done’
Prefixes
Like in Standard German, there can both separable and inseparable prefixes attached to the verbs in Wymysorys.- Separable prefixes: aj-, cu̇-, u̇f-
- Inseparable prefixes: gy-, fer-, by-, fyr-.
Sample Verbs: zȧjn, hon, maha
| Verb | Person | Present | Past | Perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| zȧjn | Sg.1 | yh bej | yh wiöe | yh bej gywast |
| Sg.2 | dy byst | dy wiöest | dy byst gywast | |
| Sg.3 | ȧ/ȧr/es/zy ej/ys | ȧ/ȧr/es/zy wiöe | ȧ/ȧr/es/zy ej/ys gywast | |
| Pl.1 | wer zȧjn | wer wiöen/wün | wer zȧjn gywast | |
| Pl.2 | der zȧjt | der wiöet/wüt | der zȧjt gywast | |
| Pl.3 | zy zȧjn | zy wiöen/wün | zy zȧjn gywast | |
| hon | Sg.1 | yh ho | yh hot | yh ho gyhot |
| Sg.2 | dy höst | dy hotst | dy höst gyhot | |
| Sg.3 | ȧ/ȧr/es/zy höt | ȧ/ȧr/es/zy hot | ȧ/ȧr/es/zy höt gyhot | |
| Pl.1 | wer hon | wer hota | wer hon gyhot | |
| Pl.2 | der hot | der hot | der hot gyhot | |
| Pl.3 | zy hon | zy hota | zy hon gyhot | |
| maha | Sg.1 | yh mah | yh maht | yh ho gymaht |
| Sg.2 | dy mahst | dy mahtst | dy höst gymaht | |
| Sg.3 | ȧ/ȧr/es/zy maht | ȧ/ȧr/es/zy maht | ȧ/ȧr/es/zy höt gymaht | |
| Pl.1 | wer maha | wer mahta | wer hon gymaht | |
| Pl.2 | der maht | der maht | der hot gymaht | |
| Pl.3 | zy maha | zy mahta | zy hon gymaht |