Xhosa

Introduction

Xhosa is one of the official languages of South Africa. Like most Bantu languages, Xhosa is a tonal language, that is, the same sequence of consonants and vowels can have different meanings when said with a rising or falling or high or low intonation. One of the most distinctive features of the language is the prominence of click consonants; The word "Xhosa," the name of the language itself, begins with a click.

The verb

Verbs are complex; a system of affixes mark various grammatical relations, such as subject, object, tense, aspect, and mood. Suffixes on verbs are used to derive, for example, passive, causative, reciprocal, and prepositional verb forms. There is a system of concordial agreement in which subject nouns, object nouns optionally, and other sentence constituents must agree with the verb of the sentence in class and number. Adjectives, possessive pronouns and demonstratives also agree in class and number with the noun they modify.

Verblist

aba, agwenxa, ahluka, ahlukanisa, ahlula, akha, akhama, ala, alamana, alatha, alathisa, alela, aluka, alusa, ambatha, amkela, anda, andisa, andlala, aneka, anela, aneliseka, aphuka, aphula, azi, azisa, ba, babaza, bala, baleka, balisa, balula, baluleka, bamba, banda, bandezela, banga, basa, baxa, bebulula, beka, beleka, bengezela, betha, bethelela, bhabha, bhabhazela, bhadla, bhadula, bhaka, bhala, bhanxeka, bhanyabhanya, bhaqa, bhatala, bhatalisa, bheda, bheja, bheka, bhengeza, bhentsisa, bhexesha, bhida, bhinqa, bhitya, bhiyoza, bhoda, bhodla, bhola, bhotisa, bhoxa, bhubha, bhuca, bhuda, bhudla, bhukuqa, bhula, bhuqabhuqa, bika, bila, bilisa, biza, bola, boleka, bona, bonakala, bonda, bonga, bongoza, bonisa, bonisisa, bopha, bothoza, buka, bukeka, bukekela, bukela, bula, bulala, bulela, bulisa, bumba, buna, busisa, butha, buya, buyekeza, buyela, buyisa, buza, caca, cacela, cacisa, calula, camanga, cambalala, canda, caphuka, caphula, ceba, cebisa, cela, cenga, cengceleza, chacha, chama, chana, chaphazela, chasa, chaza, cheba, chitha, chiza, chokoza, chola, chonga, chopha, chuba, chukumisa, chuma, chunuba, chwechwela, chwela, chwetheza, cika, cima, cinezela, cinga, coca, cofa, cola, cotha, cothisa, cothisisa, cukuceza, cula, cuphula, cwangcisa, dada, dakumba, dala, damba, dambisa, dana, dandaphisa, danduluka, dangalisa, danisa, dela, denda, dibana, dibanisa, dilika, dilishana, diliza, dingeka, dinisa, dinwa, dla, dlala, dlalisa, dlamka, dloba, dlokova, dlula, dlwengula, dontsa, dubula, duda, dudula, duduma, dumba, dumisa, dumzela, dwelisa, dyarha, dyibha, dyobha, eba, elusa, enda, enza, enzakala, enzakalisa, enzeka, fa, faka, fana, fanela, fanisa, fefa, feketha, feza, fezekisa, fihla, fika, finyeza, fota, fowuna, fowunela, fuduka, fudumala, fudumeza, fukama, fumana, fumba, fumbatha, funa, funda, fundela, fundisa, funeka, funga, funquka, funqula, funxa, futha, fuya, gabadela, gabha, galela, gaqa, gawula, gcada, gcagca, gcakamela, gcina, gcoba, gculela, gcuma, gcwala, gcwalisa, gcweka, gebhula, geza, gibisa, gibisela, gigitheka, gila, ginya, giya, goba, godola, goduka, godusa, gonya, goxa, gqabhuka, gqatsa, gqiba, gqibela, gqibezela, gqitha, gqithisa, gqobhoka, gqobhoza, gqogqa, gqugula, gquma, gqusha, gqwesa, gqwetha, gragrama, graya, grenya, grumba, gruzuka, gubungela, gudla, guga, gula, guqa, guquka, guqula, guqulela, gusha, gutyula, gwaza, gweba, gwencela, gwinta, gxabana, gxaleka, gxeka, gxobha, gxotha, gxuma, hamba, hambela, hambelana, henda, hla, hlaba, hlafuna, hlahlamba, hlakula, hlala, hlamba, hlambulula, hlangana, hlangula, hlanza, hlasela, hlawula, hlaza, hlazeka, hlaziya, hlaziyeka, hleba, hlehla, hleka, hlekisa, hlela, hlinza, hlisa, hlohloza, hlomla, hlonela, hlonipha, hluba, hlukuhla, hluma, hlungisa, hlupha, hlupheka, hlutha, hluza, hlwabisa, hlwayela, hlwempuza, homba, hoya, jaja, jala, jayiva, jija, jika, jikela, jikeleza, jinga, jiwula, jiya, joja, jolisa, jonga, jongana, jongeka, jongisa, jula, kama, katsa, kekela, kela, kha, khaba, khahlela, khala, khalaza, khalipha, khanda, khangela, khangeleka, khankanya, khanuka, khanya, khanyela, khapha, khasa, khathala, khathalela, khathaliseka, khathaza, khathazeka, khawula, khawulela, khawuleza, khazimla, khenkcisa, khenketha, khetha, khithika, khohlakala, khohlela, khohlisa, khohlwa, khokela, khola, kholisa, kholiseka, kholwa, khomba, khonkotha, khonya, khonza, khotha, khuba, khubeka, khuhla, khula, khulisa, khulula, khululeka, khumbula, khumbuza, khumsha, khupha, khuphela, khuphisana, khusela, khuthala, khuthaza, khuza, khwaza, khwela, khwenca, khwezela, khwitsha, korobha, krala, krazuka, krazula, krikriza, kroba, krokra, kroza, kruna, kruneka, kruquka, krwela, krwempa, lahla, lahleka, lala, lalisa, lamba, landa, landela, langaza, lawula, layisha, layita, lenga, leqa, letha, lethisa, libala, lila, lima, linda, lindela, linga, lingana, linganisa, loba, lola, londoloza, luleka, luma, lumka, lumkisa, lumla, lunga, lungisa, luphala, lusa, luza, lwa, ma, mamela, mangala, mangalisa, manya, matanisa, mba, mela, mema, mhemheka, mhomha, mila, misa, mitha, mka, monela, mosha, mpompoza, munca, na, naba, nabisa, naka, nakekela, nambitha, nambuza, natha, ncama, ncamathela, ncamisa, ncanca, ncancisa, nceda, ncedisa, nciphisa, ncokola, ncoma, ncuma, ncwina, ndwendwela, ngcamla, ngcangcazela, ngcileza, ngcola, ngcwaba, ngcwala, ngena, ngenisa, ngqala, ngqamana, ngqamanisa, ngqengqa, ngqiba, ngqonga, ngquba, ngqusha, ngxama, ngxola, nika, nikela, nikezela, nitha, nityilika, nkcenkceshela, nkcunkca, nkqonkqoza, nqaba, nqakula, nqanda, nqanqatheka, nqanqaza, nqena, nqetha, nqika, nqoma, nqula, nquma, nqumla, nqunqa, nqwala, nqwema, nqwena, nqwenela, ntama, ntlonta, ntshontsha, ntsonkotha, ntyiloza, ntywila, nuka, nwabulula, nwenwa, nxakama, nxanwa, nxiba, nxila, nxula, nyameka, nyamezela, nyanga, nyanisa, nyanya, nyanzela, nyanzelisa, nyathela, nyathelisa, nyela, nyhamnyheka, nyibilika, nyibilikisa, nyinyithekisa, nyobulula, nyuka, nyula, nyusa, nyusela, ohlwaya, oja, olula, oma, omelela, omeleza, ona, onaka, onakalisa, ondla, onela, onga, ongamela, ongeza, onqena, onwaba, onwabela, opha, ophula, otha, othuka, othukulula, othusa, oyika, oyisa, ozela, pakisha, penapena, pha, phakama, phakamisa, phala, phalala, phalaza, phambana, phambuka, phanda, phanga, phangela, phapha, phatha, phawula, phazama, phazamisa, phefumla, pheka, phekezela, phela, pheleka, phelela, phemba, phendula, phepha, phetha, phikisa, phila, phinda, phola, pholisa, phosa, phosisa, phucuka, phucula, phuhlisa, phuma, phumelela, phumeza, phumla, phuncula, phunga, phupha, phuphuma, phuthuma, phuza, posa, pula, pulusha, qaba, qabaqabaza, qabula, qaja, qala, qalekisa, qamba, qaphela, qaqamba, qaqawula, qasha, qengqa, qengqeleka, qeqesha, qesha, qhabalaka, qhagamshelana, qhakaza, qhala, qhama, qhamuka, qhankqalaza, qhaqha, qhatha, qhawuka, qhawula, qhayisa, qhekeka, qhekeza, qhela, qheleka, qhina, qhobosha, qhomfa, qhosha, qhothoza, qhotsa, qhuba, qhubeka, qhula, qhuma, qhuqha, qhwalela, qhwanyaza, qhwitha, qikelela, qina, qinisa, qiniseka, qinisekisa, qinisela, qokelela, qonda, qondisa, qoqosha, quba, qubuda, qubula, quka, qukumbela, qumba, ququzela, qwalasela, qwela, qwenga, rhabula, rhala, rharhaza, rhawuzela, rhintyela, rhogola, rhola, rhona, rhoxisa, rhubuluza, rhweba, ripotha, sa, sabela, sala, sarha, sasaza, sayina, saza, sebenza, sebenzisa, seka, sela, senga, seza, shenxa, shenxisa, shicilela, shishina, shiya, shukuma, shukumisa, shukuxa, shumayela, shwabana, shwaqa, sika, sikelela, sila, sina, sinda, sindisa, singa, singatha, sola, sombulula, sondela, songa, suka, sukela, sula, sulela, sungula, susa, suza, swela, sweleka, thabatha, thakatha, thakazelela, thamba, thambisa, thanda, thandabuza, thandaza, thandeka, thatha, thelekelela, thelekisa, themba, thembisa, thenga, thengisa, thetha, theza, thi, thimba, thimla, thingaza, thintela, thiya, thoba, thobeka, thobela, thotha, thuka, thula, thuma, thumela, thunga, thuntubala, thusa, thutha, thuthuza, thuthuzela, thwala, thwasa, thwesa, tofa, tolika, tsala, tsha, tshabalala, tshata, tshaya, tshayela, tshica, tshintsha, tshisa, tshiseka, tshitshilizela, tshixa, tshiza, tsho, tshona, tshutshisa, tshweza, tsiba, tsibatsiba, tswina, tswitswiza, twabulula, twezeka, tya, tyabula, tyala, tyanda, tyeba, tyekeza, tyela, tyelela, tyesha, tyeshela, tyhafa, tyhafisa, tyhala, tyhila, tyhiliza, tyhoboza, tyhola, tyhutha, tyhutyha, tyibilika, tyisa, tyumba, tyumza, tywina, va, vakala, vala, valela, vavanya, vela, velisa, veza, vika, vimba, vingca, visisa, vitha, viva, vota, votela, vuka, vula, vuma, vumela, vuna, vunda, vusa, vuselela, vutha, vuthulula, vuthuza, vuthwa, vuya, vuza, wa, wahla, wela, wina, wisa, wola, wulula, xabana, xabela, xabisa, xabiseka, xaka, xakeka, xaxa, xela, xelegwisa, xelela, xhabha, xhala, xhamla, xhapha, xhaphaza, xhasa, xhela, xhentsa, xhola, xhoma, xhomekeka, xhuma, xhumaxhuma, xhutha, xhuzula, xhwaleka, xhwila, xhwitha, xilonga, xinga, xobula, xoka, xola, xova, xoxa, xoza, xuba, xubha, xukuxa, xwaya, ya, yala, yalela, yaleza, yeka, yelenqa, yola, yolisa, za, zabalaza, zala, zama, zamisa, zamla, zekelela, zela, zingela, zinza, zisa, zoba, zola, zolisa, zuma, zungula, zuza.