Indonesian

Conjugate Verbs

Introduction

Indonesian is the official language of Indonesia. Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world. Of its large population the number of people who fluently speak Indonesian is fast approaching 100%, thus making Indonesian one of the most widely spoken languages in the world.

Indonesian is a normative form of the Riau dialect of the Malay language, an Austronesian (and Malayo-Polynesian) language originally spoken in Northeast Sumatra which has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for half a millennium.

Introduction to the Indonesian word

An Indonesian word consists of one or more morphemes added together. A morpheme is the smallest component of a language that has a value within the language structure. There are two types of morphemes in Bahasa Indonesia, roots and affixes. These roots and affixes are combined together to form words.

• Roots are morphemes that occur by themselves, or in combinations (eg. in the word memberitahukan, the beritahu actually consists of two roots, beri and tahu, joined together).
• Affixes are morphemes that never occur independently, but rather always occur in a fixed relationship to a base. A "base" may simply be a root, or it can be a more complicated structure consisting of several morphemes. It could be a duplicated root, or a combination of several roots in some morphological or syntactic arrangement, and possibly with affixes attached as well. A root is thus just one possible form of a base.

The Indonesian Verb

The Indonesian Verb does not inflect for

• Tense; instead time adverbs (such as "yesterday") or other tense indicators (such as sudah "already" and belum "not yet") are used.
• Person

On the other hand, there is a complex system of verb prefixes/affixes to render nuances of meaning and to denote voice or intentional and accidental moods.

Time Adverbs for Tense

The following table shows adverbs applied to form tenses:

Tense	Adverb	Example
Present	-	ajar
Present perfect	sudah	sudah ajar
Future perfect	akan sudah	akan sudah ajar
Past	sudah	sudah ajar
Future recent	nanti	ajar anti
Future distant	kelak	sedang kelak
Present continuous	sedang	sedang ajar
Past distant	dulu	dulu ajar
Past recent	tadi	ajar tadi
Past very recent	baru saja	baru saja ajar

Verb Prefixes

Verb prefixes are applied to the root. The root has the base meaning that is altered by the prefix. The root is typically the dictionary look-up word. In the lists below, the root is marked in bold.

ber-

• berbelanja 'shop'
• berbicara 'talk', 'speak'
• berkumpul 'gather together'
• bertanya 'ask'
• berhenti 'stop'
• bekerja 'work' (note: Irregular prefix ber-)
• belajar 'study' (note: Irregular prefix ber-)

me-

• memakai (note: root is pakai)
• membeli
• memakan 'to eat'
• memfitnah 'to slender'
• memveto 'to veto'

pe-

se-

ter-

Verblist

aba-aba, abid, abis, abiti, abolisi, abolisikan, absen, absorbsi, absorpsi, abstain, abu, abul, ada, adakan, adalah, adang, adaptasi, adaptasikan, adat, adib, adjar, adon, adreskan, adu, adu domba, aduk, aga, agih, ajak, ajar, ajongi, aju-aju, akal-akal, akali, akan, akarota, akas, akeul, akomodir, alah, alamati, alamatkan, alena, ali, alih, alir, alodna, alter, alumpa, alur, amango, amankan, amati, ambang, ambil, ambil alih, ambis, amblas, amblong, ambuh, ambyok, ambyur, amleng, amortisasi, ampelas, ampelasi, ampet, ampu, ampul, amuk, ancai, ancur, anda, andam, andir, anehe, angai, anggap, anggrang, angik, angka, angkat, angsung, anjang, anjeng, anjlok, anjung, antar, antep, antrap, antre, antuk, anulir, anut, apel, aplot, aplus, apung, arak, arak-arakan, ari, arjer, arsir, artiin, artikan, asa, asah, ates, atoer, atur, aturkan, aturkanlah, awakutu, awas, awelat, awota, ayan, ayom, ayuk, ayunkan, ayut, baba, babat, bablas, babo, baca, baca-baca, bacai, bacain, bacakan, bacok, bacot, bagi, bagi pakai, bagi-bagi, bagikan, bagusin, baguskan, bahagi, bahari, bahas, bais, bajak, bakar, balas dendam, balik, balikan, balobe, balugut, balumba, ban, bangkerut, bangkit, bangkitlah, bangkrut, bangoen, bangun, banguni, bangunkan, banjir, banting, banting tulang, bantu, barangkali, baris, barter, baru, basahi, basmi, basuh, batasi, batasin, batesin, batuk, bawa, bayangkan, bayar, beber, beberes, behandel, bekerja, bel, bela, belah, belah duren, belajar, belalang, belanjai, belenggu, beli, belikan, belimbing, belom, belum, benah, benahi, bengong, bentang, bentur, beol, beradab, beradaptasi, beragama, berahasia, beraja, berak, berakhir, berakhiran, beraksen, beraku, beralih, beranak, berangkat, berantas, berarak, berarti, berasal, berbagi, berbahan, berbahasa, berbaju, berbaring, berbaring-baring, berbatas, berbatasan, berbataskan, berbaterai, berbau, berbaur, berbayar, berbeda, berbeda-beda, berbelanja, berbenah, berberes, berbesar-besar, berbicara, berbisban, berbisik, berbuah, berbuai, berbuai-buai, berbuat, berbuka-bukaan, berbunga-bunga, berbunuh-bunuhan, berburu, bercalar, bercanda, bercinta, bercintakan, berciuman, bercukur, berdagang, berdampak, berdarah, berdasar, berdasarkan, berdayung, berdebar, berdebar-debar, berdekam, berdengar, berdialek, berdiri, beredar, beredel, berenang, bereskan, berfaedah, berfikir, berfirman, bergadang, bergagap-gagap, bergayuh, bergeming, bergerak, bergeraklah, bergizi, bergulat, berguna, bergundul, berhala, berharap, berharga, berhasilkan, berhenti, berhubungan, beri, beri tahu, beri-memberi, berikan, berikut, berilustrasi, berinisiatif, berintrospeksi, berisi, beristri, beritahu, beritahukan, berjadwal, berjaga-jaga, berjajan, berjalan, berjalan di atas rel, berjalan kaki, berjalan mencakah, berjalan mengempar, berjalan pincang, berjalan-jalan, berjanji, berjanjian, berjawab-jawaban, berjentera, berjuang, berkabung, berkaca, berkahi, berkali-kali, berkata, berkayuh, berkeadilan, berkeberatan, berkecapi, berkedok, berkehendak, berkeinginan, berkejar-kejaran, berkejaran, berkelainan, berkemauan, berkembang, berkemih, berkemudi, berkenan, berkesempatan, berkesempetan, berketombe, berkewajiban, berkhayal, berkhianat, berkoempoel, berkompor, berkonsentrasi, berkonteks, berkristal, berkumpul, berkunjung, berkurang, berlabuh, berlainan, berlaku, berlalu, berlalu lintas, berlangsung, berlari-lari, berlari-larian, berlarian, berlawak, berlawak-lawak, berlayar, berlelehan, berlengkap, berlibur, berlidah, berlihat-lihatan, berlindung, berlogat, berlompatan, berlukis, bermain, bermainlah, bermakna, bermalam, bermalas-malas, bermanfaat, bermental, bermental baja, berminta, berminta-minta, bermodel, bermuhasabah, bermulut, bermulut pedas, bermulut tajam, bermusik, bermusim, bermusuh, bermusuhan, bernapas, bernasyid, bernavigasi, berniaga, berniat, bernilai, berobsesi, berokupansi, beroleh, berongga-rongga, berontak, berpacaran, berpandai-pandai, berpandang-pandangan, berpandangan, berpatuk, berpelocok, berpeluit, berpelumas, berpemandangan, berpengaduk, berpengaruh, berpenghasilan, berperang, berpingpong, berpinta, berproduksi, berpulang, bersaing, bersalah, bersalahan, bersalin, bersama, bersambung, bersantai, bersatoe, bersatu, berseba, bersedia, berseketiduran, bersemuka, bersenandung, bersenggang, bersenggang-senggang, bersenggol, bersepeda, berserak-serak, berserakan, berserep, berseru, bersetubuh, bersibunuh, bersikejar, bersilet, bersin, bersinggung, bersinggungan, bersiul, bersopan-sopan, bersuami, bersuasana, bersuka-suka, bersuka-sukaan, bersumbangsih, bertahu-tahu, bertahukan, bertaman, bertambah, bertambangan, bertampan, bertanggung jawab, bertangki, bertani, bertanya, bertarget, bertatap muka, bertatap-tatapan, bertatapan, bertato, bertawuran, bertelanjang kaki, bertelepon, bertempur, bertemu, bertendang-tendangan, bertendangan, bertengger, berteriak, berteriak-teriak, berterima, bertinju, bertiup, bertuhan, bertunggu, bertungku, bertutur, bertutur-tutur, berubah, berumah, berumpama, berupa, berusaha, berusung, bervideo, bervidio, berwarna, berwarna-warna, berzikir, besar, besar-besarkan, besarin, besarkan, besuk, beterpal, betik, beton, bezit, biar, biasakan, bicara, bicarakan, bikin, bilang, bilas, bimbing, bina, bina diri, bisa, blokir, blusuk, blusukan, bocor, bodo amat, boeang, boenoeh, boikot, boker, boleh, bolos, bombardir, borgol, borong, breidel, buai, buang, buang air, buang air besar, buang air kecil, buang angin, buang badan, buang gas, buang sirih, buang-buang, buangin, buangkan, buat, buatkan, bubar, bujuk, bujuki, buk, buka, buka mulut, buka-bukaan, bukai, bukain, bukak, bukakan, bulus, bundir, bunga-bungaan, bungkus, bunting, bunuh, bunuh diri, bunuh-bunuhan, bunuh-membunuh, bura, buru, buruan, busa, butuh, cabut, cacah, cacar, cahari, cakar, cam, cambuk, campak, campur, campurkan, capai, caplok, cari, cariin, carikan, carter, cas, cat, catat, catet, cecer, cegah, cegah dan tangkal, cegah tangkal, cek, cekal, cekcok, cemeti, centang, cerai, cerna, cetak, ciak, ciduk, cinta, cintai, cintakan, cium, ciuman, coba, coblos, cocok, coli, colmek, colmekin, colok, coloki, colokkan, cor, coret, crot, cuat, cuci, cuek, cukur, curi, cuti, daftar, daftarkan, dagang, dalami, dalamkan, dapat, dapet, daras, datang, datangi, datangin, datar, dateng, datengin, daur ulang, dayung, dayungkan, debar, dekam, dekonstruksi, dengar, dengar-dengaran, dengaran, dengari, dengarkan, denger, dengerin, dep, destruksikan, diam, dibagusin, dibelanja, diberhentikan, dibesarin, dicariin, didatangi, didatangin, didatengin, didep, didik, difikir, digali, dihamilin, diikat, diinformasikan, dijadwalkan, dijelaskan, dikarenakan, dikatakan, dikirim, dinas, dioperasi, dioperasikan, dipantau, dipapar, dipaparkan, diperburuk, diperkeruh, diperkokoh, diperoleh, diperpanjang, dipimpin, dipimpinkan, dirampok, dirgahayu, dirikan, dirogol, disalahgunakan, disebar, disel, disempurnakan, disisih, ditambang, ditangkap, ditemukan, ditolak, djambak, doedoek, dominasi, donlot, dorong, duduk, duduk-duduk, dudukkan, duga, dugem, dukung, dulang, dup, edar, edarkan, eja, eksekusi, eksis, eksit, embus, endap, entot, erti, ertikan, fadjar, faham, fahami, fahamkan, fikiri, fikirkan, firmankan, forsir, foya, gabus, gadangan, gagai, gagal, gagap, gagas, gaib-gaiban, gajung, galer, gali, gali lubang, tutup lubang, gampar, gana, gang, ganggang, ganggu, ganjar, ganjur, ganteng, ganti, gantung, ganyang, garang, gari, garuk, gas, gasak, gatal, gaul, gayuh, gayuhkan, gayung, gedek, gelar, geledah, geletak, geletar, gelontor, gelut, geman, geng, gerai, geraklah, geram, gerincing, gerus, geser, gibah, gigit, gila, gila-gilaan, giling, gladi, goda, gol, gondol, goreng, graha, grahita, gugupkan, gugur, gunduli, gundulkan, habis, hadap, hadir, hafal, hafalkan, hajar, halang, hamili, hamilin, hampar, hancur, hangus, hantam, hantar, hantjur, hapus, harap, hargai, hasilkan, hela, hembus, hendak, hendaki, hendel, heng, hias, hiasi, hidup, hiduplah, hijrah, hilang, himpoen, himpun, hindar, hinggap, hitung, hop, hormat, hubung, hujan, huni, ibliskan, idap, ider, ikat, ikoet, ikut, imbau, imbuh, impas, impi, indah, indekos, indonesiakan, ingat, inget, ingin, ingini, inginkan, inkrah, instruksi, instruksikan, internir, interpretasiin, interpretasikan, intip, iris, isap, istibra, istirahat, itu, izin, jadi, jaga, jahit, jajah, jajak, jajan, jala, jalan kaki, jalan-jalan, jalang, jalani, jalanin, jalankan, jalu, jamas, jambak, jamin, janganlah, janjian, janjiin, janjikan, japri, jatuh, jatuh cinta, jawab, jawat, jeblos, jebol, jejal, jejeritan, jelajah, jelang, jemput, jentik, jepit, jijikkan, jilat, jilmek, jongkok, jual, jumput, junjung, junjungkan, kabul, kabung, kabung-kabung, kabur, kagok, kait, kaki seribu, kalah suara, kalahkan, kalibut, kalungi, kalungkan, kampai, kampak, kapalan, kapur, karang, kasi, kasih, kasih tahu, kasihtahu, kasmaran, kata, katakan, katan, kavling, kawal, kawi, kawin, kawin lari, kayau, kayuh, kayuhkan, ke, ke atas, kebagian, kebas, kebaskan, kebat, keberatan, kebuang-buang, kebut, kecanduan, kecolongan, kecurian, kedapatan, kedatangan, kedengaran, kedengeran, kedinginan, kedudukan, keenakan, kehilangan, kejadian, kejam, kejar, kejar-kejar, kejeblos, keliatan, kelihatan, keliling, keluar, keluarkan, kelunturan, kemalaman, kemasukan, kematian, kembali, kembang, kembara, kemoedi, kempis, kena, kenai, kenal, kenan, kencing, kencing-mengencingi, kensel, kentot, kentut, kepak, kepengen, kepengin, kepikiran, kepingin, keracunan.

Verblists

• Indonesian Verblist

External Links

• Indonesisch
• Indonesian grammar on-line
• English to Indonesian on-line translator
• Kamus: Computer Assisted Morphological Analysis of Indonesian Transitive Verbs