Javanese

Conjugate Verbs

Introduction

Javanese is a language of Indonesia. It is spoken in Central Java Province, east third of west Java island, southwest half of east Java, including Banyumas, Cilacap, and Purbalingga regencies. Resettlements in Papua, Sulawesi, Maluku, Kalimantan, and Sumatra. Also in Malaysia, Netherlands, Singapore, United States.

Dialects

Banten, Banyumas, Cirebon (Cheribon, Tjirebon), Indramayu, Malang-Pasuruan, Manuk, Pasisir, Surabaya, Surakarta (Sawlaw, Solo), Tegal, Tembung. High Javanese (Jawa Halus) is the language of religion, but users diminishing and mostly limited to Central Javanese speakers. Javanese varieties in Suriname and in New Caledonia now only partially intelligible with difficulty. Javanese in New Caledonia reportedly cannot use High Javanese. Several dialects in Sabah.

The Javanese Verb

Javanese verbs are not inflected for number, gender or tense.

Aspect/tense is indicated by adverbial markers preceding the verb:

• tau for remote past
• wis ('already') for past
• bakal/arep ('will') for future
• tansah ('always') for habitual action
• lagi (in the process of doing) for an ongoing action

Negation is expressed by adding aja ('don't'), durung ('not yet'), ora ('not'). Ya is an imperative marker.

Verblist

abala, ambranang, anggep, angob, ater, bledhug, buru, buwang, colong, cubriya, delok, delomong, dicubriyani, didongèngi, digawa, dolan, dondom, dum, dhateng, dhelikan, dhudhuk, edol, glédhah, glèthak, golèk, goreng, gowo, indah, inep, inêp, ising, kapalan, kèrem, kucing-kucingan, lagi, lali, langi, lingsir, lungguh, mabur, mahami, main, mamah, mambu, mangan, manganggo, maos, mapag, marakaké, marani, mateng, matèni, mati, mbayar, mbukak, menang, mertal, meruhi, mènèh, mikuwati, mili, milih, mlebu, mlumpat, mranata, mrangguli, mudhun, mulih, mundhak, muntah, munggah, musna, muter, nacad, nambah, nangis, ndongèng, ndongèngaké, ndongèngi, ndhahar, nenun, nengen, nengenaké, njerit, njoget, nugel, nulis, nulung, ngasah, ngaso, ngetung, ngethok, ngélingi, ngilang, ngimpi, ngirim, ngiwa, ngiwakaké, ngorok, ngugemi, ngumbah, nguwati, nyampur, nyapu, nyebar, nyigar, nyolong, nyubriyani, nyuduk, nyukur, omong-omong, pahat, pertal, pènèk, pikir, pranggul, puter, rampok, rangkèt, sambung, sawat, sipeng, sipêng, sunggi, tampa, tandur, tangis, tarik, tenun, tiba, tilêm, tudhing, tumbuk, têka, wahing, walik, watuk, ꦉꦏ꧀ꦱ, ꦉꦗ, ꦊꦧꦸ, ꦊꦧꦼꦠ꧀, ꦏꦂꦱ, ꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦭ꧀, ꦏꦤ꧀ꦝ, ꦏꦤ꧀ꦝꦠ꧀, ꦏꦧꦸꦭ꧀, ꦏꦫꦸꦤ, ꦏꦸꦏꦸꦂ, ꦏꦸꦢꦸ, ꦏꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦃ, ꦏꦸꦮꦸ, ꦏꦼꦂꦗ, ꦏꦼꦂꦱ, ꦏꦼꦚ꧀ꦕꦁ, ꦏꦼꦠꦼꦩꦸ, ꦏꦼꦢꦃ, ꦏꦼꦧꦿꦤꦁ, ꦏꦼꦭꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀, ꦏꦿꦩꦱ꧀, ꦏꦿꦮꦸ, ꦏꦿꦶꦝ, ꦒꦁꦱ, ꦒꦒꦱ꧀, ꦒꦚꦁ, ꦒꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦏ꧀, ꦒꦮ, ꦒꦮꦺ, ꦒꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦭ꧀, ꦒꦼꦊꦩ꧀, ꦒꦼꦭꦸꦠ꧀, ꦔꦁꦏꦠꦏꦺ, ꦔꦁꦏꦠ꧀, ꦔꦥꦏ꧀, ꦔꦥꦸꦫ, ꦔꦺꦭꦶꦁꦔꦶ, ꦔꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴ, ꦔꦽꦱ꧀ꦩꦺꦏꦏꦺ, ꦕꦝꦁ, ꦕꦮꦺ, ꦕꦸꦧꦿꦶꦪ, ꦕꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴꦠ꧀, ꦕꦼꦏꦼꦭ꧀, ꦗꦒ, ꦗꦚ꧀ꦕꦸꦏ꧀, ꦗꦩꦱ꧀, ꦗꦼꦧꦸꦭꦺ, ꦚꦸꦮꦸꦤ꧀ꦥꦶꦂꦱ, ꦛꦸꦏꦸꦭ꧀, ꦝꦠꦼꦁ, ꦝꦮꦸꦃ, ꦝꦲꦂ, ꦠꦁꦒꦸꦁ, ꦠꦏꦺꦤ꧀, ꦠꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀, ꦠꦔꦶ, ꦠꦠ, ꦠꦤ꧀ꦢꦁ, ꦠꦪ, ꦠꦶꦊꦩ꧀, ꦠꦶꦠꦶꦃ, ꦠꦶꦤꦸꦭꦶꦱ꧀, ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦭ꧀, ꦠꦶꦭꦶꦏ꧀, ꦠꦶꦮꦱ꧀, ꦠꦶꦮꦶꦏꦿꦩ, ꦠꦸꦁꦒꦸꦏ꧀, ꦠꦸꦏꦸ, ꦠꦸꦠꦸꦥ꧀, ꦠꦸꦤ꧀ꦝ, ꦠꦸꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦤ꧀, ꦠꦸꦩ꧀, ꦠꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦁ, ꦠꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦏ꧀, ꦠꦸꦫꦸ, ꦠꦸꦫꦸꦤ꧀, ꦠꦸꦭꦸꦁ, ꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀, ꦠꦺꦴꦭꦏ꧀, ꦠꦼꦏ, ꦠꦼꦤꦸꦤ꧀, ꦠꦼꦩꦸ, ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦂ, ꦠꦿꦶꦩ, ꦢꦁ, ꦢꦂꦩ, ꦢꦢꦂ, ꦢꦢꦶ, ꦢꦶꦭꦠ꧀, ꦢꦸꦩ꧀, ꦢꦸꦮꦺ, ꦢꦼꦩꦏ꧀, ꦤꦱ꧀ꦠꦥ, ꦤꦼꦝ, ꦤꦼꦣ, ꦥꦫꦶꦏ꧀ꦱ, ꦥꦱꦺꦴꦏ꧀, ꦥꦶꦂꦱ, ꦥꦶꦠ, ꦥꦶꦤ꧀ꦠ, ꦥꦸꦃ, ꦥꦸꦥꦸꦃ, ꦥꦺꦴꦭꦃ, ꦥꦼꦂꦕꦪ, ꦥꦼꦂꦠꦭ꧀, ꦥꦼꦉꦱ꧀, ꦧꦒꦸꦱ꧀, ꦧꦧꦢ꧀, ꦧꦭꦶ, ꦧꦱꦸꦏꦶ, ꦧꦶꦏꦏ꧀, ꦧꦶꦱ, ꦧꦸꦏꦏ꧀, ꦧꦸꦠꦸꦃ, ꦧꦸꦱꦏ꧀, ꦧꦺꦴꦁ, ꦧꦼꦝꦃ, ꦧꦿꦤ꧀ꦠꦱ꧀, ꦧ꧀ꦊꦣꦸꦒ꧀, ꦩꦁꦏꦠ꧀, ꦩꦒꦼꦂꦱꦫꦶ, ꦩꦔꦤ꧀, ꦩꦔꦪꦸꦧꦒꦾ, ꦩꦔꦸ, ꦩꦕ, ꦩꦠꦼꦤꦶ, ꦩꦤ꧀ꦝꦼꦒ꧀, ꦩꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ, ꦩꦥꦒ꧀, ꦩꦫꦏ꧀ꦏꦺ, ꦩꦭꦁ, ꦩꦭꦶꦁ, ꦩꦮꦱ꧀, ꦩꦲꦺꦴꦱ꧀, ꦩꦶꦂꦱ, ꦩꦶꦤ꧀ꦠ, ꦩꦶꦧꦼꦂ, ꦩꦶꦪꦂꦱ, ꦩꦺꦴꦁ, ꦩꦺꦴꦂ, ꦩ꧀ꦭꦏꦸ, ꦩ꧀ꦭꦪꦸ, ꦪꦱ, ꦫꦚ꧀ꦕꦁ, ꦫꦮꦸ, ꦫꦮꦸꦃ, ꦫꦶꦥ꧀ꦠ, ꦫꦸꦔꦸ, ꦫꦸꦗꦏ꧀, ꦭꦁꦏꦸꦁ, ꦭꦏꦸ, ꦭꦧꦸꦃ, ꦭꦪꦸ, ꦭꦮꦸꦁ, ꦭꦶꦩ꧀ꦥꦃ, ꦭꦸꦁꦱꦸꦂ, ꦭꦸꦔ, ꦮꦏ꧀ꦠ, ꦮꦕ, ꦮꦕꦤ, ꦮꦠꦔꦤ꧀, ꦮꦮꦱ꧀, ꦮꦱ, ꦮꦱ꧀, ꦮꦶꦤꦶꦭꦶꦱ꧀, ꦮꦸꦔꦸ, ꦮꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀, ꦮꦺꦴꦂ, ꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀, ꦮꦼꦤꦁ, ꦮꦼꦫꦸꦃ, ꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦤ꧀, ꦱꦥ, ꦱꦫꦺ, ꦱꦭꦶꦤ꧀, ꦱꦮꦸꦁ, ꦱꦶꦏꦼꦥ꧀, ꦱꦶꦢ, ꦱꦶꦤꦲꦸ, ꦱꦶꦤꦸꦲꦸꦤ꧀, ꦱꦶꦥꦼꦁ, ꦱꦶꦫꦩ꧀, ꦱꦶꦫꦶꦏ꧀, ꦱꦸꦒꦼꦁ, ꦱꦸꦝꦃ, ꦱꦸꦢ, ꦱꦸꦮꦸꦏ꧀, ꦱꦸꦮꦸꦤ꧀, ꦱꦸꦱꦸꦤ꧀, ꦱꦸꦲꦸꦤ꧀, ꦱꦺꦢ, ꦱꦺꦧ, ꦱꦺꦫꦺꦠ꧀, ꦱꦺꦮ, ꦱꦼꦉꦥ꧀, ꦱꦼꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ, ꦱꦼꦝꦃ, ꦱꦼꦤꦼꦁ, ꦱꦼꦥꦸꦃ, ꦱꦼꦩꦪ, ꦲꦁꦏꦠ꧀, ꦲꦂꦠꦶ, ꦲꦂꦱ, ꦲꦉꦥ꧀, ꦲꦕꦸꦁ, ꦲꦗ, ꦲꦗꦂ, ꦲꦝ, ꦲꦝꦁ, ꦲꦢꦁ, ꦲꦢꦸ, ꦲꦢꦸꦱ꧀, ꦲꦢꦼꦒ꧀, ꦲꦤ꧀ꦝꦲꦂ, ꦲꦧ, ꦲꦧꦂ, ꦲꦧꦸꦃ, ꦲꦧꦸꦭ꧀, ꦲꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦤ꧀, ꦲꦩ꧀ꦧꦿꦤꦁ, ꦲꦩ꧀ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀, ꦲꦫꦶ, ꦲꦫꦸꦃ, ꦲꦭꦥ꧀, ꦲꦭꦶꦃ, ꦲꦮ, ꦲꦮꦶꦠ꧀, ꦲꦶꦢꦼꦂ, ꦲꦶꦤꦼꦥ꧀, ꦲꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦂ, ꦲꦶꦱ, ꦲꦸꦏꦶꦂ, ꦲꦸꦏꦸꦂ, ꦲꦸꦟ꧀ꦝꦸꦃ, ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦝꦁ, ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦝꦶ, ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦝꦸꦃ, ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦁ, ꦲꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦃ, ꦲꦸꦫꦏ꧀, ꦲꦸꦫꦶꦥ꧀, ꦲꦸꦭꦸ, ꦲꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀, ꦲꦺꦭꦶꦁ, ꦲꦼꦂꦠꦶ.

• aböh, aboh, abuh, aběh -- to swell
• ad.ěg, jumeneŋ, ŋadek -- to stand
• ajirih, ma-takut, wedi -- to fear
• ambegan, amběgan -- to breathe
• ambu, ŋambu, ŋqanda -- to sniff, smell
• aměli, kawěli, mundcet, tuku, tumbas, winěli -- to buy
• amupuh, nutuk, p-in-upuh, pupuh -- to hit
• ang-hwap, aŋop -- to yawn
• buka, mbikak, mbukak -- to open, uncover
• buru, mbebeḍag -- to hunt
• d.ěngěr, kruŋu, mireŋ, rěngö -- to hear
• dahar, maŋan, pangan, umangan -- to eat
• dateŋ, para, rawuh, teka -- to come
• dawah, tiba -- to fall
• dondom, jahit, njahit -- to sew
• gali, nḍuḍuk -- to dig
• g-um-uyu, guyu, qumujeŋ, ŋguyu -- to laugh
• habalang, mbucal, ŋguwaŋ -- to throw
• hid.ěp, meŋqalih, mikir -- to think
• hili, hilir, mili -- to flow
• hitung, ŋetaŋ, ŋituŋ -- to count
• hurip, ma-hurip, qesaŋ -- to live, be alive
• iběr, mabur -- to fly
• idu, mang-idu -- to spit
• ikět, naleni, naŋsuli, um-ikět -- to tie up, fasten
• inum, ŋombe, ŋunjuk -- to drink
• kanda, tutur, ŋendika -- to say
• kukur, ŋukur -- to scratch
• laku, lampah, mlaku, mlampah -- to walk
• langhuy, renaŋ, ŋlaŋi -- to swim
• lěmah, sarean, turon -- to lie down
• leŋqah, loŋguh, lungguh -- to sit
• lihat, l-um-ihat, mirsani, nonton -- to see
• mamah -- to chew
• manangis, muwun, naŋis, tangis -- to cry
• maŋertos, wruh, ŋerti -- to know, be knowledgeable
• masak, oloh-oloh, tasak, t-um-asak -- to cook
• mati, pati, seda -- to die, be dead
• mbeḍil, panah -- to shoot
• mbesem, tunu, ŋoboŋ -- to burn
• menggok, putěr -- to turn
• meres, pěrěs -- to squeeze
• milih, mindah, pilih -- to choose
• miŋqah, muŋgah, nek, panek, um-a-nek -- to climb
• mutah, umutah, wutah -- to vomit
• ñambut damel, ñambut gawe, gaway, g-um-away, g-um-awe -- to work
• nandur, nanem, taněm -- to plant
• nḍelik, wuni -- to hide
• ñedani, amati, mateni, pati -- to kill
• ñekel, gěgěm, ŋasta -- to hold
• ñerot, sěsěp, ŋisep -- to suck
• ñokot, gugut, krět -- to bite
• ñoloŋ, alap -- to steal
• nugel, tětěk -- to cut, hack
• nujes, tusuk -- to stab, pierce
• ñupena, ang-ipi, i-ni-pi, ŋimpi -- to dream
• nutu, t.ut.uk -- to pound, beat
• ñyigar, pilah -- to split
• sare, turû, turu -- to sleep
• sumilir, tyup -- to blow
• ṭukul, t-um-uwuh, tuwuh -- to grow