Chinantec, Palantla

Conjugate Verbs

Introduction

Palantla Chinantec, also known as Chinanteco de San Pedro Tlatepuzco, is a major Chinantecan language of Mexico, spoken in San Juan Palantla and a couple dozen neighboring towns in northern Oaxaca. The variety of San Mateo Yetla, known as Valle Nacional Chinantec, has marginal mutual intelligibility.

The Chinantec, Palantla Verb

There are two main types of verbs: stative verbs and dynamic verbs (also called ‘active verbs’). The inflection of dynamic verbs can be very complex. Verbs have three main inflected stems, which the sources take as sufficient to reconstruct the full paradigm of a verb. These are:

• Incompletive stem (also called present or progressive stem)
• Completive stem (also called past stem)
• Irrealis stem (also called future or intentive stem)

Based on the stems above, tenses are followed like this:

• Present: Ø-<Incompletive stem>
• Imperfect: mi³-<Incompletive stem>
• Past: ka¹-<Completive stem>
• Hodiernal: na²-<Completive stem>
• Future: Ø-<Irrealis stem>
• Potential: mi³-<Irrealis stem>

Verblist

bá², bán², bēn¹², bén², bḗn², bí², bø²+hmé², bø²+lḗnɁ², búɁ¹², búɁ², chi²+dsán², chi²+dsén², chi²+dsí², chi²+hné¹, chi²+kián², chi²+lánɁ², chi²+láɁ², chi²+méɁ², chi²+ngió², chi²+ngiú², chiag¹², chiág¹², chiágɁ¹², chiáng¹², chiángɁ¹², chiínɁ², chio¹², chiog¹², chióg¹², chiogɁ¹², chiógɁ² ( hmøi²), chión², chionɁ¹², chióɁ¹², chiú², chiúg², chiúgɁ², chiunɁ¹², dsa², dság¹², dságɁ¹², dsan¹², dsan², dsán², dsanɁ¹², dsánɁ¹², dséi¹², dsen¹², dsēn¹², dsén², dsen³ (kaɁ³), dsi², dsiag¹², dsiágɁ¹², dsian¹², dsiánɁ¹², dsiánɁ², dsie¹², dsiég¹², dsii²+lé², dsii²+lei¹, dsii²+lian¹, dsiog¹², dsióɁ¹², dsióɁ¹² hǿg³, dsø²+huen¹³, dsø²+lé², dsø²+lei¹, dsø²+togɁ¹², dsogɁ¹², dsǿgɁ¹², dsøɁ¹², dsoɁ², dsǿɁ², dsug², dsúgɁ¹², dsúgɁ², gḗɁ², gǿaɁ¹², gog², gógɁ¹², gǿi¹², gøi², goɁ², guái², guen¹², guen², guenɁ¹², gug¹², gúg², gúgɁ¹² dsǿa¹², guiágɁ¹², guian¹², guiang¹², guianɁ¹², guiánɁ¹², guiég¹², guieng¹², guienɁ¹², guiénɁ², guieɁ¹², guión², guiónɁ², guiú², guiúg², guiugɁ², guiúnɁ¹², guiúɁ¹², guø¹², guøn¹², guǿn¹², guønɁ¹², guu²+dsḗn¹³, guuɁ¹², gúɁ¹², ha¹², há¹², ha², ha²+kién¹³, ha²+lei¹, ha²+lig², ha²+rǿng², ha²+Ɂan³, hág¹², hágɁ¹², hagɁ², hai¹², hái¹², háinɁ¹², han¹², háng¹², hánɁ¹², hanɁ¹² dsǿa¹², hánɁ², héi², hein¹², héin¹², héin², héinɁ¹², heinɁ², hen¹², hén², hḗn², hénɁ¹², henɁ², hénɁ², hḗnɁ², héɁ², hḗɁ², hí², hian¹², hián², hiég², hiégɁ¹², hínɁ¹², hínɁ², hinɁ³, hiúg², hiugɁ¹², hiúgɁ², hiúɁ², hlái², hlán², hlég², hlénɁ², hleɁ¹², hlian¹², hliánɁ², hliúg² (lag³ dsi³), hlíɁ¹², hlíɁ², hlø², hlǿ², hløa¹², hmáɁ² (dsǿa¹²), hmáɁ² (ta³), hmḗɁ², hmo¹², hmóngɁ¹², hmóɁ¹², hmǿɁ¹², hnái¹², hnaiɁ¹², hnáiɁ², hnáɁ¹², hnáɁ², hne¹², hné¹², hnḗ¹², hnéi¹², hnḗɁ², hngēɁ¹², hngia¹², hngiángɁ¹², hngiáɁ², hngie¹², hngieng¹², hngieɁ¹², hngii², hngiíɁ², hngio¹², hngió², hngióɁ¹², hngióɁ², hngiú², hngǿi², hní², hnia¹², hniá¹², hniang², hnio³, hnióɁ², hniuɁ², hnó², hnǿ², hnøa¹², hnóɁ², hǿa¹², hog¹², høg², hogɁ¹², hógɁ¹², hǿgɁ², høn¹², hønɁ¹², hǿɁ¹², hǿɁ², huánɁ¹², huánɁ², huen¹², hug², húg², húgɁ², huøi², huǿin¹², huu¹², huú², huúɁ¹², huúɁ², huɁ¹², húɁ², ián², iaɁ¹², ié², ieg¹², iéiɁ¹², kágɁ¹², káiɁ¹², kán², kán² guiing², kang², kángɁ¹², kanɁ¹², kánɁ¹², kánɁ², kēn², kḗn², kēnɁ¹², kiagɁ¹², kian¹², kián², kiang¹², kiáɁ², kieg², kien¹², kién¹², kieng¹², kienɁ¹², kiéɁ¹², kií¹², kii²+tág¹², kii²+túg², kiiɁ², kiog¹², kión², kionɁ¹², kióɁ¹², kiugɁ², kiúgɁ², kiuɁ¹², kiúɁ¹², ko¹², kø¹², kǿ², kø²+hinɁ¹², kø²+káng¹², køg², kǿg², kógɁ¹², køgɁ², køin², kon¹², køn¹², kón², kǿn², koɁ¹², køɁ¹², køɁ³ (hmai³), ku² hmo¹², ku²+guénɁ², ku²+hmáɁ², kuan¹², kuénɁ², kug², kugɁ¹², kúgɁ¹², kúgɁ², kuø¹², kuøin¹², kuǿɁ¹², kuú², kuúɁ², lá¹², lag², lái¹², laiɁ¹², lan¹², lán¹², lan², lanɁ¹², lánɁ², laɁ¹², len¹², len¹² dsǿa¹², lēɁ², li², liág¹, lieɁ¹², lio¹², lióg¹², liúg², lǿ², lø²+liugɁ³, lø²+liúɁ², lóɁ¹², lǿɁ², lúg², mái¹², mē¹², méɁ², mḗɁ², mi²+chian¹², mi²+dsē¹², mi²+dsēn¹², mi²+dsiagɁ¹, mi²+dsian¹², mi²+dsíg², mi²+dsií¹, mi²+dsiog¹, mi²+dsiúg², mi²+dsøg¹², mi²+gag¹², mi²+gan¹, mi²+gan¹², mi²+gǿg¹, mi²+gug¹, mi²+guionɁ¹, mi²+hénɁ², mi²+hínɁ², mi²+hlēnɁ¹, mi²+hlíɁ², mi²+hmḗ², mi²+hngiáng¹, mi²+hngió¹, mi²+hní¹, mi²+hnia¹², mi²+hniang¹ dsǿa¹², mi²+hniang¹ ni³, mi²+hǿ², mi²+hog¹², mi²+hu¹, mi²+huanɁ¹², mi²+kán¹², mi²+kánɁ², mi²+kien¹², mi²+kiín¹, mi²+kiíngɁ², mi²+kionɁ¹, mi²+kiónɁ², mi²+kon¹², mi²+kuen¹², mi²+kuuɁ¹², mi²+lei¹³, mi²+liág¹, mi²+ngḗɁ¹, mi²+níɁ¹, mi²+rø¹², mi²+tan¹², mi²+tan¹³, mi²+tég², mi²+ténɁ², mi²+ti¹, mi²+tián² (dsǿa¹²), mi²+tsḗn¹, mi²+Ɂai¹, mi²+Ɂan¹², mi²+Ɂan¹³, mi²+ɁḗɁ², mi²+Ɂlí¹, mi²+Ɂliúg², mi²+ɁmaɁ¹³, mi²+Ɂnio¹, mi²+Ɂog¹³, møa¹², ná², nang¹², nei¹², neng², neɁ¹², nēɁ¹², ngai¹², ngái¹², ngángɁ¹², ngáɁ¹², ngē¹², ngē², ngēɁ², ngēɁ² dsǿa¹², ngie¹², ngié², ngie³, ngiéɁ¹², ngieɁ¹³, ngioɁ¹², ngiú², ngó¹², ngo², ngǿ², ngøa¹², ngǿi², ngøɁ¹², ngoɁ³, niá¹², niá², niáng¹², nié¹², ning², nio¹², nio², nió², nióɁ¹², nioɁ², niu¹², niúɁ², niuɁ³, niɁ¹², niɁ³, nøɁ¹², nǿɁ², nung², øg¹², pø²+hánɁ², rain¹², rang¹², røg², rón², rǿng², rónɁ¹², rǿnɁ¹², se¹², séi², siág¹², sián², sianɁ¹², siánɁ², sieg¹², siég², siiɁ², siog¹², siog², siógɁ¹², siúg², siúgɁ¹², siúgɁ², siúɁ², ta¹², tag¹², tagɁ¹², tagɁ², tai², táiɁ¹², tan¹², tán¹², tan¹³, tangɁ², tanɁ¹², tánɁ¹², tanɁ¹² huu¹², tanɁ², taɁ², tei¹², tei², téiɁ¹², téiɁ², teng¹², téng², ténɁ¹², ti²+dsiog¹, ti²+dso¹, ti²+dsǿ², ti²+dsøa¹², ti²+kḗn¹, ti²+kiín¹, ti²+li¹, ti²+líɁ¹, tian¹, tian¹², tián², tiánɁ¹², tieɁ¹², tií², tion¹², tión², tióɁ¹², tiu¹², tiú², tiúg², tiun¹², tiúɁ¹, tø²+dsḗn³, tø²+dsǿ³, tø²+gugɁ¹², tø²+húg³, tø²+kanɁ¹³, tø²+ɁénɁ¹², tøa¹², togɁ¹², tógɁ¹², ton², tøng², tónɁ² (huu¹²), tóɁ¹², tǿɁ², tsá¹², tsai¹², tsáiɁ¹², tsanɁ¹², tsánɁ², tsen¹², tsēn¹², tsén², tsenɁ¹², tsénɁ¹², tsēnɁ¹², tsénɁ², tsí¹², tsiɁ¹², tsíɁ¹², tso¹², tsø²+han¹², tsø²+kuenɁ¹², tsø²+kuønɁ¹², tsø²+nióɁ¹², tsø²+nióɁ², tsǿaɁ¹², tsog¹², tsog², tsøg², tsogɁ² hmøi², tsøi¹², tson¹², tsón¹², tson², tsón², tsǿn², tsǿng², tsǿɁ¹², tug, u¹+lén², u¹+lian¹, u²+lé², u²+lei², u²+nio¹³, u²+Ɂai¹², uénɁ², uǿi², uøin², uǿnɁ², Ɂa¹², ɁagɁ², Ɂai¹², ɁáiɁ¹², ɁaiɁ², Ɂan¹², Ɂán¹² ɁogɁ¹², Ɂán², ɁánɁ², Ɂe¹², Ɂé², Ɂei¹², Ɂéi¹², Ɂein¹³, ɁéiɁ¹², Ɂen¹², Ɂēn¹², Ɂen¹³, Ɂén², Ɂéng², ɁenɁ¹², ɁénɁ¹², ɁēnɁ¹², ɁéɁ¹², ɁéɁ², ɁḗɁ², Ɂí², Ɂia¹², Ɂiá¹², Ɂiag², Ɂian¹², Ɂian², ɁiánɁ², Ɂiei¹², ɁiéiɁ¹², Ɂien¹², Ɂien², Ɂig², Ɂii², ɁiíɁ², Ɂio¹², Ɂiog¹², Ɂiog², ɁioɁ¹², ɁiúɁ¹², ɁiúɁ², ɁiuɁ³ (ɁéɁ¹), Ɂlan¹², ɁlanɁ¹², Ɂlen¹², Ɂlí², ɁliágɁ¹², ɁlianɁ¹², ɁlianɁ², ɁlieɁ¹², ɁliuɁ¹², ɁlíɁ¹², ɁliɁ², ɁløaɁ¹², Ɂlǿg², ɁlogɁ², Ɂlúg², Ɂma¹², Ɂme¹², Ɂméi¹², ɁmēɁ¹², ɁmiɁ¹², ɁmíɁ², Ɂmǿi², Ɂmóng¹², ɁmoɁ¹², ɁmóɁ², Ɂna², Ɂnai¹², ɁnáiɁ¹², ɁnangɁ², ɁnáɁ¹², Ɂnē¹², Ɂngieng¹², Ɂngiéng¹², Ɂngiéng², Ɂngio¹², ɁngióɁ¹², Ɂnia¹², Ɂnie¹², ɁnióɁ¹², ɁniɁ¹², Ɂno¹², ɁnóɁ¹² dsí², Ɂo¹², Ɂø²+tsóɁ¹², Ɂø²+tsúgɁ², Ɂøa¹², Ɂog¹², Ɂøin¹², Ɂon¹², Ɂǿng², ɁónɁ², ɁǿnɁ², ɁoɁ¹², ɁóɁ¹², ɁøɁ¹², ɁǿɁ¹², ɁóɁ², ɁuáiɁ¹², Ɂuan¹², Ɂuan², Ɂuán², ɁuanɁ¹², ɁuénɁ², Ɂug¹², Ɂúg², ɁúgɁ², Ɂuø¹², Ɂuøi¹², Ɂuǿi², ɁuøɁ¹², ɁuǿɁ¹², Ɂuu².

External Links

• Oto-Manguean Inflectional Class Database