Runic Swedish
Conjugate VerbsFacts
- Language: Runic Swedish
- Alternate names: Old East Norse
- Language code: xswer
- Language family: Indo-European, Germanic, North, East Scandinavian, Danish-Swedish (SIL classification)
- Earlier form of: Swedish
- Number of speakers: Extinct
- Script: Runic script
More information:
Introduction
Runic Swedish was spoken in a period between 800-1225 AD. Runic Swedish developed from Old Scandinavian, which was a common Germanic language spoken by all ancient Scandinavians. Runic Swedish is also referred as a dialect of Old East Norse, with the main dialects being Runic Swedish and Runic Danish. They are called runic because the body of text appears in the runic alphabet.
The Runic Swedish Verb
The Runic Swedish Verb is conjugated in
- 3 moods: Indicative, Conjunctive and Imperative;
- 2 tenses (indicative and conjunctive moods): Present and Past;
- 2 numbers: singular and plural; and
- 3 persons.
Sample verb: kalla
| Infinitive | kalla | ᚴᛅᛚᛚᛅ |
|---|---|---|
| Participle | kallat | ᚴᛅᛚᛚᛅᛏ |
| INDICATIVE | CONJUNCTIVE | IMPERATIVE | |||
| Present | Past | Present | Past | ||
| Sg.1 | kallaR; kalla | kallaþa | kalla | kallaþa | - |
| Sg.2 | kallaR | kallaþiR; kallaþi | kalleR | kallaþiR; kallaþi | kalla! |
| Sg.3 | kallaR | kallaþi | kalle | kallaþi | - |
| Pl.1 | kallum | kallaþum | kallem | kallaþem | kallum! |
| Pl.2 | kallin | kallaþin | kallen | kallaþen | kallin! |
| Pl.3 | kalla | kallaþu | kalle | kallaþe | - |