Scots Gaelic

Conjugate Verbs

Introduction

Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig), is a Goidelic language of the Celtic and Indo-European language family, native to the Gaels of Scotland. Today it's spoken in North-Western Scotland. Most of modern Scotland was once Gaelic-speaking, as evidenced especially by Gaelic-language placenames. Scottish Gaelic is not an official language of the United Kingdom, but it is classed as an indigenous language under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

Scottish Gaelic Verb

Verbal constructions may make use of synthetic verb forms which are marked to indicate person (the number of such forms is limited), tense, mood, and voice (active, impersonal/passive). Gaelic has very few irregular verbs. Traditionally grammars use the terms 'past', 'future tense', 'conditional', 'imperative' and 'subjunctive' in describing the five core Scottish Gaelic verb forms. In a general sense, the verb system is similar to that found in Irish.

Tenses

• Present Tense is formed using the auxiliary verb tha together with the particle ag and the verbal noun.
• Perfect Tense is expressed by using the auxiliary verb tha together with the particle air and the verbal noun.
• Imperfect Tense is formed using the auxiliary verb bha together with the particle ag and the verbal noun.
• Pluperfect Tense is expressed by using the auxiliary verb bha together with the particle air and the verbal noun.
• Simple Past Tense, Independent is derived from the verbal root.
• Simple Past Tense, Dependent is derived from the particle do followed by the lenited forms of the verbal root.
• Future Tense - Independent is derived from the verbal root by adding -(a)idh.
• Future Tense - Relative Independent is derived from the verbal root by adding -(e)as and leniting the verb.
• Future Tense - Dependent is simply the verbal root.
• Future Perfect Tense is expressed by using the auxiliary verb bidh together with the particle air and the verbal noun.
• Habitual Present Tense
• Conditional Tense - Independent is derived from the lenited verbal root by adding -(a)inn for the first person singular (I), -(e)amaid or -(e)adh sinn for the first person plural (we), and -(e)adh + pronoun for all other persons.
• Conditional Tense - Dependent is simply the verbal root.
• Conditional Perfect Tense is expressed by using the auxiliary verb bhiodh together with the particle air and the verbal noun.
• Habitual Past Tense
• Imperative
• Past Participle. The past participle traditionally ends in -da, -ta or -te.

The irregular verbs (see below) form the tenses very differently in comparison to the regular verbs.

Irregular Verbs

• abair 'to say'
• beir 'to catch/bear'
• bi / tha 'to be'
• cluinn 'to hear'
• dèan 'to make/do'
• faic 'to see'
• faigh 'to get/find'
• rach 'to go'
• ruig 'to reach/arrive'
• thig 'to come'
• thoir 'to bring/give/take'

Verblist

's, abair, adhbharaich, adhlac, adhlaic, ag, agair, àicheidh, aidich, ainlean, ainmich, ainneartaich, àireamh, aisling, àithn, aithris, àitich, altraim, amail, amais, amhairc, an, aonaich, aontaich, ar, àraich, àrdaich, armaich, arsa, as, at, ath-agair, ath-ainmich, ath-aithris, ath-bheachdaich, ath-bheothaich, ath-bheòthaich, ath-bhreithnich, ath-bhrod, ath-bhrosnaich, ath-bhuannaich, ath-bhuidhinn, ath-chagainn, ath-cheannaich, ath-cheannsaich, ath-cheasnaich, ath-chlaon, ath-choisich, ath-chruinnich, ath-chruthaich, ath-chuairtich, ath-chuir, ath-dhealbh, ath-dhèan, ath-dhìol, ath-dhùblaich, ath-dhùisg, ath-eagaraich, ath-fhasdaich, ath-ghabh, ath-ghabh a-steach, ath-ghin, ath-ghlac, ath-innis, ath-lathaich, ath-leasaich, ath-leum, ath-lìon, ath-lorgaich, ath-neartaich, ath-nochd, ath-nuadhaich, ath-rèitich, ath-roinn, ath-ruith, ath-sgrìobh, ath-sgrùd, ath-shealbhaich, ath-sheall, ath-shuidhich, ath-smaoinich, ath-thagair, ath-thagh, ath-thog, ath-thòisich, ath-thuislich, ath-thuit, ath-ùraich, atharraich, bac, bac an tùs, bagair, baist, barantaich, barrantaich, bàsaich, bàth, beadraich, beàrr, beir, beò-ghlac, beothaich, beuc, bi, bi an crochadh, bi coltach, bi cuimhne aig, bi dlùth ri, bi eòlach air, bi fhios aig, bi fios aig, bi suarach mu, blais, blàthaich, bleadraig, bleoghainn, boc, bòc, bocsaig, bòrd, brabhsaich, braon, breab, breac, breislich, breithnich, breun, briog, bris, brod, bruadair, bruich, bruich ann an àmhainn, bruidhinn, bruis, brunndail, brùnndail, bu mhath le, buail, buail air, buail an ceann, buain, buair, buannaich, builg, buin, buinnig, cac, cagainn, cagair, caidil, caill, càin, càirich, caisg, caith, callaich, can, caochail, caog, caoidh, caoin, caomhainn, caraich, cè, ceangail, ceannaich, ceannsaich, ceileir, cèir, cèirich, ceumnaich, cha, ciallaich, cìl, cinn, cìr, ciùrr, clach, cladh, cladhaich, claon, cleachd, cleasaich, cliath, cliog, clìoraig, clisg, clò-bhuail, clò-sgrìobh, cluich, cluinn, cnag, cnàmh, cnàmh-loisg, cnuasaich, co-aonaich, co-aontaich, co-naisg, co-òrdaich, co-òrdanaich, cofhurtaich, cog, coilean, coimeas, coimhead, coinnich, coisich, coisinn, coisrig, coitich, comh-shnìomh, comhairlich, comharraich, comhartaich, còmhdaich, còmhnaich, connsaich, cop, còrd, còrd ri, corraich, cosg, cràidh, craobh, craol, crath, creach, creid, crìochnaich, criom, crìon, crith, croch, crom, cronaich, cruach, crùb, crudhaich, cruinnich, crùn, cruthaich, cuairtich, cuartaich, cuibhrich, cuidich, cuimhnich, cuip, cuir, cuir à dreuchd, cuir à gnìomh, cuir a-steach, cuir air adhart, cuir air dòigh, cuir am falach, cuir am meud, cuir an aire, cuir an dara taobh, cuir an dàrna taobh, cuir an fhìrinn, cuir an gnìomh, cuir an t-sneachda, cuir ann, cuir às leth, cuir car ann an, cuir car de, cuir ceart, cuir clos air, cuir crìoch air, cuir dàil air, cuir dragh air, cuir facail sa' bheul chuideigin, cuir fàilte air, cuir fo gheasaibh, cuir fòn gu, cuir geall, cuir iongnadh air, cuir luach air, cuir ro, cuir sèist air, cuir sèist ri, cuir snaidhm air, cuir teagamh, cuir thairis, cuir tionndadh ann an, cuir tro-chèile, cuir-ris, cum, cùm, cum ri, cùm ri, cum suas ri, cùm suas ri, cunnt, cùnnt, daingnich, dàir, dall, danns, daor, dealaich, dealaichidh, dealbh, dealuich, dèan, dèan adhradh, dèan briogadh clì, dèan briogadh deis, dèan bun no bàrr, dèan casad, dèan casaid, dèan coimeas air, dèan dìmeas air, dèan dranndan, dèan dùrdail, dèan dùsal, dèan fàite-gàire, dèan farchluais, dèan fead, dèan feum de, dèan fiughair ri, dèan gàire, dèan glugan, dèan in-imrich, dèan inimrich, dèan lethbhreac, dèan màrsail, dèan pìochan, dèan preasarlach, dèan rèite, dèan sèist air, dèan snodha-gàire, dèan tuigse, dearbh, dearc, dearrs, deàrrs, dearrsaich, deas, deasaich, dèilig, deoc, deoghail, dhealaich, dhealbh, dì-armaich, dì-cheann, dì-cheannaich, dì-làraich, dì-luchdaich, dian-amhairc, dìobair, dìochuimhnich, dìoghail, dìol, dìon, dìrich, diùlt, dòirt, dorchaich, dòth, draibh, druid, drùidh, drùin, dual, dubh, dubh a-mach, dubh às, dùin, dùisg, dustaig, eadar-cheangail, eadar-chuir, eadar-dhealaich, eadar-dhuilleagaich, eadar-dhuillich, eadar-fhigh, eadar-fhill, eadar-mhìnich, eadar-phongaich, eadar-phòs, eadar-sgaoil, eadar-sgap, eadar-sgrìobh, eadar-shreathaich, eadar-theangaich, eadar-thoinn, èalaidh, earb, eas-aontaich, eas-onoraich, eas-òrdaich, eas-ùmhlaich, eas-urramaich, èigh, èighich, èignich, èirich, eiridnich, èisd, éisd, èist, éist, eug, fàg, faic, faigh, faigh a-mach, faigh cuidhte 's, faigh cuidhte agus, faigh cuidhte is, faigh cuidhteas, faighnich, failc, fàillig, fàillinnich, fàillnich, fairich, fàisnich, falaich, falbh, fan, fannaich, faod, farraid, fàs, fàsaich, fasdaich, fast, fastaich, fastaidh, fead, feall, feamainn, feann, feith, feuch, feud, feum, feur, fheum, fiar, fiaraich, figh, fill, fionn, fionnaraich, fliuch, fo-roinn, fo-sgrìobh, fògair, foghain, foghlaim, foillsich, folaich, fòn, fosgail, fraidhig, fras, freagair, freagair a chèile, frith-ainmich, frith-bheart, frith-bhuail, frith-lèim, frith-leum, fritheil, fuaigheil, fuaimnich, fuaraich, fuasgail, fuathaich, fuiling, fuin, fuirich, fulaing, gabh, gabh a-steach, gabh air mhàl, gabh àite, gabh brath, gabh dragh de, gabh gaol air, gabh naidheachd, gabh socair, gabh tlachd à, gabh tlachd ann, gabh tlachd de, gabh ùine, gail, gàir, gairm, gar, geall, geamhraich, gearain, gearr, geàrr, gèill, gin, giorraich, giùlain, glac, glais, glan, glaodh, glas, glèidh, gleus, gluais, gnìomh, gnog, goid, goil, gon, gràdhaich, greas, greim, grìos, grìosaich, grunnaich, guidh, guil, guir, iadh, iarr, iasgaich, iath, ilmich, imich, imlich, imrich, innis, iom-sheòl, ioma-ghlac, iomair, iompaich, ionndrainn, ionnlaid, ionnsaich, ioraim, is, is aithne do, is cuimhne le, is math le, is urrainn do, itealaich, ith, labhair, lagaich, laghaich, laigh, laigh dlùth, leagh, lean, lean air, leasaich, leig, leig air, leig anail, leig às, leig fuil, leig le, leig mu sgaoil, leig mu sgaoil e, leig seachad, leighis, lèim, leòn, leugh, leum, lìbhrig, ligh, lìomh, lìon, litrich, lobh, loisg, lorg, lot, luaidh, lùb, luchdaich, luchdaich a-nìos, luchdaich a-nuas, macail, mag, mair, màirnealaich, maistir, maith, malairt, malairtich, mand, maoidh, marbh, maslaich, math, meal, meall, meas, measg, measgaich, meil, mèinn, meirg, meòmhraich, meòraich, mì-bhreithnich, mì-bhuilich, mì-chàirich, mì-chaomhainn, mì-chleachd, mì-chliùitich, mì-choisrig, mì-chomhairlich, mì-chòrd, mì-chreid, mì-chunnt, mì-dhealbh, mì-dhealbhaich, mì-dhreachaich, mì-gheuraich, mì-ghnàthaich, mì-laghaich, mì-mheas, mì-mhìnich, mì-mhisnich, mì-mhol, mì-naomhaich, mì-onoirich, mì-sgeadaich, mì-sheòl, mì-shnasaich, mì-stiùir, mì-thaitinn, mì-thaitnich, mì-thoilich, mì-thràthaich, mì-threòirich, mì-thuig, mì-urramaich, miannaich, mill, mìnich, misnich, mol, mort, mothaich, mùch, muin, mùin, murt, mùth, nach, naisg, naomhaich, nàraich, neadaich, neo-dhèan, neulaich, nigh, nochd, notaich, nuadhaich, obraich, oibrich, òl, or, òrdaich, pàigh, pasaig, peacaich, peall, peanasaich, peant, pian, plaosg, plosg, pòg, poidsig, pòs, post, praidhig, preas, priob, pronn, put, put ann, ràc, rach, rach air fàrsan, rach air muin, rach am falach, rach an aghaidh, rach an neul, rach às àicheadh, rach bhuaithe, rach innte, rach iomrall, rach mu thàmh, ràn, rannsaich, reic, rèitich, reòdh, reòth, riaghail, riamh, riaraich, rib, riochdaich, riof, roghnaich, roinn, rolaig, ròst, rùdh, ruig, rùisg, ruith, rùraich, rùsg, 's aithne do, 's urrainn do, sabaid, sàbh, sàbhail, sàil, saill, saoil, saor, sàr, sàraich, sàs, sàsaich, seachain, seachainn, sealbhaich, sealg, seall, searg, searmonaich, seas, sèid, séid, seilbhich, sèimhich, seinn, seirm, seòl, seun, sgàin, sgal, sgall, sgaoil, sgap, sgar, sgeadaich, sgeith, sgèith, sgéith, sgioblaich, sgol, sgrath, sgreamhaich, sgreuch, sgrìob, sgrìobh, sgrìobh mar chlò, sgrios, sgròb, sgrùdaich, sguab, sguab às, sguir, sguir de, sil, sìn, sìolaidh, sir, sitrich, siubhail, siuthad, siuthadaibh, slac, slànaich, slaod, slìob, slìog, slisnich, sloisir, sluig, smàil, smàl, smaoinich, smaointich, smèid, smoc, smuainich, smuaintich, smùid, snàig, snàmh, snap, snìomh, soidhn, soilleirich, sòr, sorchaich, spad, spàrr, speal, spealg, spìosraich, spleuchd, sponsairich, spoth, srac, sràc, srann, sreang, sreap, sreoth, srian, sruth, stad, stèidh, stèidhich, stiubh, stiubhaig, stiùir, stob, stoc, stòir, stoirmich, stòr, stràc, streap, strì, stuadh, stuagh, sùgair, sùgh, suidh, suidhich, suidhich air, sùith, tabhainn, tabhair, tabhannaich, tachair, tachair air, tachd, tadhail, tagair, tagh, taidhp, tairg, tairg comhairle do, taisg, taitinn, talaich, tàlaidh, tàmh, taobh, taobhaich, tàrlaidh, tarraing, tarraing à, tathainn, teagaisg, tèarainn, teàrn, teasaich, teich, thalla, thatar, thathar, thathas, theab, thig, thig beò air, thig gu, thig gu buil, thig gu ìre, thig suas air, thig suas ri, thig tarsainn air, thoir, thoir breith, thoir comas do, thoir comhairle air, thoir comhairle do, thoir cothrom do, thoir èirig, thoir geàrr-chunntas air, thoir ionnsaigh, thoir seachad air mhàl, thoir suas, thoir taing do, thoir thairis, thoir-air-falbh, thugainn, tilg, tilg smugaid, till, tionndaidh, tiugainn, tog, tog dealbh, tog fianais, togair, toilich, toinn, toir, tòisich, toll, tomh, tomhais, toraich, torraich, tràigh, traisg, trèan, trèig, tréig, treòirich, triantanaich, trobhad, trobhadaibh, troid, truaill, truis, trus, tugh, tuig, tuinich, tuisealaich, tuit, tum, turchair, ubagaich, uchd-mhacaich, uidheamaich, uillnich, ullaich, ùrlaraich, urramaich.

Verblists

• Gaelic, Scottish - German, Standard Dictionary

External Links

• Scots Gaelic Grammar